{"id":3708,"date":"2019-12-11T11:28:06","date_gmt":"2019-12-11T07:58:06","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/en.eseed.rifr-ac.ir\/?p=3708"},"modified":"2021-08-02T07:35:50","modified_gmt":"2021-08-02T03:05:50","slug":"astragalus-glycyphyllos-l","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/eseed.rifr-ac.ir\/en\/?p=3708","title":{"rendered":"Astragalus glycyphyllos L."},"content":{"rendered":"

Astragalus glycyphyllos<\/em><\/strong> L.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Hamideh Javadi and Parvin Salehi Shanjani<\/p>\n

Natural Resources Gene Bank, Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Tehran, Iran.<\/p>\n

Uploaded at August 2021<\/p>\n

Scientific editors: Valiollah Mozaffarian and Masoumeh Izadpanah<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Seed Storage<\/strong><\/p>\n

The storage behavior of this species is orthodox (desiccation-tolerant seeds); dry to 15-20% eRH and store at -20 \u00b0C.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

Germination requirements<\/strong><\/p>\n

The seeds have physical-physiological dormancy and this is related to seed coat and inhibitors. To remove the seed coat, different methods of scarification can be used (sandpaper, sulfuric acid, hot water, etc.). To break dormancy, stratification with pre-chilling (for 14 days), ultrasonic waves, and hormones (Gibberellic acid 100 ppm) are efficient. The best method for breaking dormancy is rubbing the seeds with sandpaper and moist chilling (14 days at 4 \u00b0C). Then germinate under a constant temperature of 20 \u00baC or alternating temperature 25 \u00baC (16 hours of light) and 15 \u00baC (8 hours of dark).<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

Morphology<\/strong><\/p>\n

Fruit:<\/strong> Legume, 2-locular recurved or erect or pendulous with tiny hairs, shortly stipitate.<\/p>\n

Fruit size<\/strong>: Length: 5 mm; width: 3-5 mm<\/p>\n

Seed:<\/strong> Reniform, surface glabrous, lustrous, yellow to brick without brown spots.<\/p>\n

Seed size: <\/strong>Length: 2.19-2.65 mm, width: 1.71-2.14 mm in an accession from Esfahan with 1000 seeds weight 2.9 g, which was collected in 2003 by Esmaeili Sharif, and the cultivated sample was identified by S. Reza Safavi with accession code 18269.<\/p>\n

1000 seed weight: <\/strong>2.3-2.9 g.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

Biological features<\/strong><\/p>\n

Life form: <\/strong>Herbaceous Perennial.<\/p>\n

Inflorescence<\/strong> flower type and pollination mechanism:<\/strong> Inflorescence dense and short raceme, with 15-20 flowers. Flowers hermaphrodite, calyx campanulate, corolla greenish-yellow, glabrous. Plant monoecious, cross-pollinate. Pollination is carried out by insects and wind.<\/p>\n

Time of flowering:<\/strong> June to July<\/p>\n

Time of seed ripening:<\/strong> July to August<\/p>\n

Seed dispersal methods:<\/strong> The seeds are displaced by the weight<\/p>\n

Geographical distribution: <\/strong>Europe, Turkey, Caucasia, Iran. Typus from Europe.<\/p>\n

Distribution in Iran: <\/strong>North. Azerbaijan, Gilan, and Golestan<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Taxonomy<\/strong><\/p>\n

Family: <\/strong>Papilionaceae\u00a0 <\/strong><\/p>\n

Genus: <\/strong>Astragalus<\/em><\/p>\n

Species: <\/strong>glycyphyllos<\/em><\/p>\n

Common name:<\/strong> Locoweed<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

ReferencesandLinks<\/strong><\/p>\n

Asri, Y. 2012. Range Plants of Iran, Vol. 2: Dicotyledons. Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands Publication, 530 pp.<\/p>\n

Baskin, C.C. and Baskin, J.M.1998. Seeds: Ecology, Biogeography, Evolution of Dormancy and Germination. Academic Press, San Diego.<\/p>\n

Bewley, J.D. 1997. Seed germination and dormancy. The plant cell, 9: 1055-1066.<\/p>\n

Bakhshandeh Faraj-pur, A. 2014. Investigating the possibility of increasing the germination of several species (Astragalus<\/em>) using various methods of dormancy in order to multiply massive and regenerate rangelands. Master\u2019s thesis, University of Kashan, Faculty of Engineering.<\/p>\n

Ghahraman, A., 1999. Flore of Iran. Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands with university of Tehran Publication, Vol. 19, No. 1141.2260.<\/p>\n

Ko\u017euharova, E. and Firmage, D. 2007. On The Pollination Ecology of Astragalus alopecurus <\/em>Pallas (Fabaceae) in Bulgaria. Tome, 60(8): 863-870.<\/p>\n

Ko\u017euharova, E., Tzvetanova, V. and Firmage, D. 2010. Seed germination and seedling development of two rare Astragalus <\/em>species (Fabaceae). Phytologia Balcanica, 16 (1): 51-56.<\/p>\n

Maassoumi, A.A. 2017. Flora of Iran, No.43: (Papilionaceae: Astragalus<\/em> I). Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands Publication, p. 254.<\/p>\n

Mozaffarian, V. 2012. A Pictorial Dictionary of Botany. Farhange Moaser publisher, 1088 pp.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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