{"id":3748,"date":"2019-12-11T12:04:36","date_gmt":"2019-12-11T08:34:36","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/en.eseed.rifr-ac.ir\/?p=3748"},"modified":"2021-07-31T12:28:18","modified_gmt":"2021-07-31T07:58:18","slug":"astragalus-microphysa-boiss","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/eseed.rifr-ac.ir\/en\/?p=3748","title":{"rendered":"Astragalus microphysa Boiss"},"content":{"rendered":"

Astragalus microphysa<\/em> Boiss<\/strong><\/p>\n

Hamideh Javadi and Parvin Salehi Shanjani<\/p>\n

Natural Resources Gene Bank, Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Tehran, Iran.<\/p>\n

Uploaded at August 2021<\/p>\n

Scientific editors: Valiollah Mozaffarian and Masoumeh Izadpanah<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Seed Storage<\/strong><\/p>\n

The storage behavior of this species is orthodox (desiccation-tolerant seeds); dry to 15-20% eRH and store at -20 \u00b0C.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

Germination requirements<\/strong><\/p>\n

The seeds have physical-physiological dormancy and this is related to seed coat and inhibitors. To remove the seed coat, different methods of scarification can be used (sandpaper, sulfuric acid, hot water, etc.). To break dormancy, stratification with pre-chilling (for 14 days), ultrasonic waves, and hormones (Gibberellic acid 100 ppm) are efficient. The best method for breaking dormancy is rubbing the seeds with sandpaper and moist chilling (14 days at 4 \u00b0C). Then germinate under a constant temperature of 20 \u00baC or alternating temperature 25 \u00baC (16 hours of light) and 15 \u00baC (8 hours of dark).<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

Morphology<\/strong><\/p>\n

Fruit: <\/strong>Pod ovate or elliptic, tip acute or obtuse, densely hairy, glabrous at the middle, beaky, curved.<\/p>\n

Fruit size<\/strong>: Length: 3.5-4 mm, width: 1.5-2 mm, thickness: 2-3mm.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Seed<\/strong>: Ellipsoid to reniform, surface glabrous, hilum round with bright border, yellow to light brown with or without brown spots.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Seed size: <\/strong>Length: 3.79-4.26 mm, width: 2.71-2.91mm in an accession from Daran, Esfahan with 1000 seeds weight 9.5 g, which was collected in 2002, and the cultivated sample was identified by S. Reza Safavi with accession code 8564.<\/p>\n

1000 seed weight: <\/strong>9.5-10.1 g.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Biological features<\/strong><\/p>\n

Life form<\/strong>: Bush, hedgehog, stem erect with thin divisions.<\/p>\n

Inflorescence, flower type, and pollination mechanism:<\/strong> Inflorescence capitule, wide oval to round. Flowers hermaphrodite, 5-merous, zygomorphic, calyx tubular to a bell shape, white to yellow sometimes red during the flowering stage, oval or elliptic white to yellow with red spots during the fruiting period, corolla white to yellow. Plant monoecious, cross-pollinate. Pollination is carried out by insects and wind.<\/p>\n

Time of flowering<\/strong>: May<\/p>\n

Time of seed ripening<\/strong>: May to June<\/p>\n

Seed dispersal methods:<\/strong> The seeds are displaced by the weight<\/p>\n

Geographical distribution: <\/strong>Endemic of Iran. Typus from Bakhtiyari, Zard Mountain.<\/p>\n

\u00a0Distribution in Iran: <\/strong>West and center. Lorestsn, Yazd, Esfahan, Chaharmahale and Bakhtiyari, Fars and Tehran.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Taxonomy<\/strong><\/p>\n

Family: <\/em><\/strong>Papilionaceae<\/p>\n

Genus: <\/em><\/strong>Astragalus<\/em><\/p>\n

Species: <\/em><\/strong>microphysa<\/em><\/p>\n

Common name:<\/strong> Locoweed<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

References and Links<\/strong><\/p>\n

Asri, Y. 2012. Range Plants of Iran, Vol. 2: Dicotyledons. Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands Publication, 530 pp.<\/p>\n

Baskin, C.C. and Baskin, J.M.1998. Seeds: Ecology, Biogeography, Evolution of Dormancy and Germination. Academic Press, San Diego.<\/p>\n

Bewley, J.D. 1997. Seed germination and dormancy. The plant cell, 9: 1055-1066.<\/p>\n

Bakhshandeh Faraj-pur, A. 2014. Investigating the possibility of increasing the germination of several species (Astragalus<\/em>) using various methods of dormancy in order to multiply massive and regenerate rangelands. Master\u2019s thesis, University of Kashan, Faculty of Engineering.<\/p>\n

Ko\u017euharova, E. and Firmage, D. 2007. On The Pollination Ecology of Astragalus alopecurus<\/em> Pallas (Fabaceae) in Bulgaria. Tome, 60(8): 863-870.<\/p>\n

Ko\u017euharova, E., Tzvetanova, V. and Firmage, D. 2010. Seed germination and seedling development of two rare Astragalus<\/em> species (Fabaceae). Phytologia Balcanica, 16 (1): 51-56.<\/p>\n

Maassoumi, A.A. 2016. Flora of Iran, No.145: (Papilionaceae: Astragalus<\/em> II). Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands Publication, p. 207.<\/p>\n

Mozaffarian, V. 2012. A Pictorial Dictionary of Botany. Farhange Moaser publisher, 1088 pp.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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