{"id":3982,"date":"2019-12-15T13:18:16","date_gmt":"2019-12-15T09:48:16","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/en.eseed.rifr-ac.ir\/?p=3982"},"modified":"2021-08-07T07:32:58","modified_gmt":"2021-08-07T03:02:58","slug":"medicago-arabica","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/eseed.rifr-ac.ir\/en\/?p=3982","title":{"rendered":"Medicago arabica"},"content":{"rendered":"

Medicago arabica<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Masoumeh Izadpanah, Parvin Salehi Shanjani and Leila Falah Hoseini<\/p>\n

Natural Resources Gene Bank, Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Tehran, Iran.<\/p>\n

Uploaded at August 2021<\/p>\n

Scientific editor: Valiullah Mozaffarian<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Seed Storage <\/strong><\/p>\n

The storage behavior of this species is orthodox (desiccation-tolerant seeds); dry to 15-20% eRH and store at -20 \u00b0C.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Germination<\/strong> requirements<\/strong><\/p>\n

The seeds of this species are not dormant. Sterilize seeds before placing them on wet germination paper. Place seeds for two weeks in 4 \u00baC to germinate uniformly. Then germinate under an alternating temperature regime of 15\/20 \u00baC (the higher temperature for 16 hours in light and the lower one for eight hours in dark).<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

Morphology<\/strong><\/p>\n

Fruit type<\/strong>: <\/strong>Pod<\/p>\n

Fruit shape:<\/strong> Cylindrical to spherical, flat at both ends, straw-colored to brownish, glabrous, spiny; number of coils 3.5-6 (-7), turning clockwise; coil surface with 5-8 veins, forming elongated cells near and parallel to the edge, then entering the lateral vein; lateral veins prominent, higher than the dorsal suture which lies in a furrow with elevated sides; between these and the lateral veins are grooves bridged by roots of the spines; thus, the edge of the coil consists of 4 ridges and 3 grooves; spines 13-15 in each row, 1.5-3.5 mm long, thin and soft, arching over the sides of the coils; the tubercled form is rather rare.<\/p>\n

Seed shape:<\/strong> Kidney-shaped but often flattened along the edge, adjacent to radicle-rectangular, 1-3 seeds in each coil, separated; seed coat smooth, light brown to dark orange; radicle longer than half of the seed, its tip protruding.<\/p>\n

Fruit size:<\/strong> Lenght 4-8 mm, thickness (4- ) 5-7 mm<\/p>\n

Seed size:<\/strong> Length 2.5-3 mm, maximum width 1.5-2 mm in an accession from Mazandaran with 1000 seed weight 2 g, which was collected in 1997, and the cultivated sample was identified by Masumeh Izadpanah and Iraj Mehregan with accession number 2337.<\/p>\n

1000 seed weight: <\/strong>2 g<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Biological features<\/strong><\/p>\n

Life form: <\/strong>Herbaceous, annual, decumbent<\/p>\n

Inflorescences and flower type and pollination mechanisms: <\/strong>Flowers in axillary pedunculate racemes, hermaphrodite, zygomorphic and asymmetric; corolla (composed of banner: upper large petal, wings: two petals adjacent to the banner, and keel: two bottom petals) bright yellow, wings shorter than the keel; stamens are always ten in number, and their filaments are fused in a group of nine stamens plus one separate stamen (9+1). Plant monoecious, self-pollinate with 10% cross-pollination, which is carried out by insects.<\/p>\n

Time<\/strong> of<\/strong> flowering<\/strong>:<\/strong> March-Jun<\/p>\n

Time of seed ripening<\/strong>:<\/strong> One month after flowering<\/p>\n

Seed dispersal methods:<\/strong> The seeds are displaced by weight. Pods move by attaching to the wool and hair of animals.<\/p>\n

Geographical distribution: <\/strong>Native to the Mediterranean region and introduced in North and South America and Australia.<\/p>\n

Distribution in Iran: <\/strong>North. Golestan<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Taxonomy<\/strong><\/p>\n

Family: <\/em><\/strong>Papilionaceae<\/p>\n

Genus: <\/em><\/strong>Medicago<\/em><\/p>\n

Species: <\/em><\/strong>arabica<\/em><\/p>\n

Common name: <\/strong>Spotted Medick<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

References and Links<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ghahraman, A. Flore of Iran. Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands with University of Tehran Publication. https:\/\/floraofiran.net\/index.php.<\/p>\n

Lesins, K.A. and Lesins, I. 1979. Genus Medicago (Leguminosae): a taxogenetic study. The Hague, Boston, London: Dr W. Junk Publisher, 234 pp.<\/p>\n

Small, E. and Brookes, B. 1990. Circumscription of the genus Medicago<\/em> (Leguminosae) by seed characters. Can. J. Bot. 68: 613-629.<\/p>\n

Small, E. and Jomphe, M. 1988. A synopsis of the genus Medicago (Leguminosae). Canadian Journal of Botany, 67: 3260-3294.<\/p>\n

Mehregan, I., Rahiminejad, M.R. and Azizian, D. 2002. A taxonomic revision of the genus Medicago<\/em> L. (Papilionaceae) in Iran. Iranian Journal of Botany, 9: 207-221(In Persian).<\/p>\n

Mozaffarian, V. 2012. A Pictorial Dictionary of Botany. Farhange Moaser Publisher, 1088 pp.<\/p>\n

Rechinger, K.H. 1984. Flora Iranica 157. Akadmische Druch. U. Verlagsanstalt. Graz.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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