{"id":4010,"date":"2019-12-15T13:31:29","date_gmt":"2019-12-15T10:01:29","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/en.eseed.rifr-ac.ir\/?p=4010"},"modified":"2021-08-02T08:31:09","modified_gmt":"2021-08-02T04:01:09","slug":"medicago-sativa","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/eseed.rifr-ac.ir\/en\/?p=4010","title":{"rendered":"Medicago sativa"},"content":{"rendered":"

Medicago sativa<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Masoumeh Izadpanah, Parvin Salehi Shanjani and Leila Falah Hoseini<\/p>\n

Natural Resources Gene Bank, Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Tehran, Iran.<\/p>\n

Uploaded at August 2021<\/p>\n

Scientific editors: Valiullah Mozaffarian<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Seed Storage <\/strong><\/p>\n

The storage behavior of this species is orthodox (desiccation-tolerant seeds); dry to 15-20% eRH and store at -20 \u00b0C.<\/p>\n

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Germination<\/strong> requirements<\/strong><\/p>\n

The seeds of this species are not dormant. Sterilize seeds before placing them on wet germination paper. Place seeds for two weeks in 4 \u00baC to germinate uniformly. Then germinate under an alternating temperature regime of 15\/20 \u00baC (the higher temperature for 16 hours in light and the lower one for eight hours in dark).<\/p>\n

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Morphology<\/strong><\/p>\n

Fruit type<\/strong>:<\/strong> Pod<\/p>\n

Fruit shape:<\/strong> Curled, indehiscent, light to dark yellow-brown, coiled in a spiral, glabrous or with appressed simple (rarely glandular) hairs, spineless; number of coils 1-5, turning clockwise; many veins starting from the ventral suture running obliquely, branching somewhat, then anastomosing in the outer part of the coil surface.<\/p>\n

Seed shape<\/strong>:<\/strong> Kidney\u2013shape to ovoid but often flattened along edge adjacent to radicle, 2\u20136 seeds in pods; seed coat smooth brownish or greenish-yellow; radicle slightly over half the seed length<\/p>\n

Fruit size<\/strong>:<\/strong> Diamete: 3-8 mm<\/p>\n

Seed size: <\/strong>Length 2.5-4.5 mm, maximum width 0.8-1.5 mm, thickness 0.3-1 mm in an accession from Share Kurd, Chaharmahal with 1000 seed weight 2.3 g, which was collected in 2000, and the cultivated sample was identified by Masumeh Izadpanah and Iraj Mehregan with accession number 1480.<\/p>\n

1000 seed weight: <\/strong>0.5 – 3.8 g<\/p>\n

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Biological features<\/strong><\/p>\n

Life form: <\/strong>Herbaceous, perennial, erect<\/p>\n

Inflorescences and flower type and pollination mechanisms: <\/strong>Flowers in axillary pedunculate racemes, hermaphrodite, zygomorphic and asymmetric; corolla (composed of banner: upper large petal, wings: two petals adjacent to the banner, and keel: two bottom petals) violet, lavender, rarely pink or white, wings longer than the keel; stamens are always ten in number, and their filaments are fused in a group of nine stamens plus one separate stamen (9+1). Plant monoecious, self-pollinate with 10% cross-pollination, which is carried out by insects.<\/p>\n

Time<\/strong> of<\/strong> flowering<\/strong>:<\/strong> March to September (rarely October)<\/p>\n

Time of seed ripening<\/strong>:<\/strong> May to October (rarely November)<\/p>\n

Seed dispersal methods:<\/strong> The seeds are displaced by weight. Pods move by attaching to the wool and hair of animals.<\/p>\n

Geographical distribution: <\/strong>Turkey, Europe, Iraq, Turcomania, Afghanistan, Pakistan, Iran. Typus according to Flora Iranica: Hispania et Gallia, Herb. BM-CLIFF! Herb. LINN933\/6!<\/p>\n

Distribution in Iran<\/strong>:<\/strong> West, North, East, South, and center. All around the country<\/p>\n

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Taxonomy<\/strong><\/p>\n

Family: <\/em><\/strong>Papilionaceae<\/p>\n

Genus: <\/em><\/strong>Medicago<\/em><\/p>\n

Species: <\/em><\/strong>sativa<\/em><\/p>\n

Common name: <\/strong>Lucerne, alfalfa<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

References and Links<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ghahraman, A. Flore of Iran. Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands with University of Tehran Publication. https:\/\/floraofiran.net\/index.php.<\/p>\n

Lesins, K.A. and Lesins, I. 1979. Genus Medicago (Leguminosae): a taxogenetic study. The Hague, Boston, London: Dr W. Junk Publisher, 234 pp.<\/p>\n

Small, E. and Brookes, B. 1990. Circumscription of the genus Medicago (Leguminosae) by seed characters. Can. J. Bot. 68: 613-629.<\/p>\n

Small, E. and Jomphe, M. 1988. A synopsis of the genus Medicago (Leguminosae). Canadian Journal of Botany, 67: 3260-3294.<\/p>\n

Mehregan, I., Rahiminejad, M.R. and Azizian, D. 2002. A taxonomic revision of the genus Medicago L. (Papilionaceae) in Iran. Iranian Journal of Botany, 9: 207-221(In Persian).<\/p>\n

Mozaffarian, V. 2012. A Pictorial Dictionary of Botany. Farhange Moaser Publisher, 1088 pp.<\/p>\n

Rechinger, K.H. 1984. Flora Iranica 157. Akadmische Druch. U. Verlagsanstalt. Graz.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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