{"id":5039,"date":"2022-06-18T11:12:13","date_gmt":"2022-06-18T06:42:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/eseed.rifr-ac.ir\/en\/?p=5039"},"modified":"2022-06-18T11:12:13","modified_gmt":"2022-06-18T06:42:13","slug":"hordeum-distichon-l","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/eseed.rifr-ac.ir\/en\/?p=5039","title":{"rendered":"Hordeum distichon L."},"content":{"rendered":"

Hordeum <\/em><\/strong>distichon<\/em> L.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Hamideh Javadi<\/strong>, Parvin Salehi Shanjani, Behnam Hamzeh’ee and Seyed Esmael Seyedian<\/strong><\/p>\n

Natural Resources Gene Bank, Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Tehran, Iran.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Uploaded at June 2022<\/strong><\/p>\n

Scientific editor: Masoumeh Izadpanah<\/strong><\/p>\n

Seed Storage <\/strong><\/p>\n

Storage behavior of this species is orthodox (desiccation-tolerant seeds), dry to 15-20% eRH and store at -20\u00b0C.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Germination<\/strong> requirements<\/strong><\/p>\n

Seeds do not have physiological and physical dormancy and are easily able to germinate. Place seeds between-paper in 5-10 C\u00ba for 5 days to germinate uniformly. Then germinate at constant temperature of 20 C\u00ba and 8\/16 hr. photoperiod.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

Morphology<\/strong><\/p>\n

Fruit type:<\/strong> Caryopsis<\/p>\n

Fruit<\/strong>\/seed<\/strong> shape:<\/strong> Caryopsis connected with lemma<\/p>\n

Fruit\/seed size:<\/strong> length 8.47 to 9.69 mm, width 2.73 to 2.76 mm in an accession with 1000 fruit\/seeds weight 45 g., which was collected by Mehrabi from Kohkuliyeh ve Boyerahmed in 2006 and the cultivated sample was identified by Behnam Hamzeh’ee with accession number 25219.<\/p>\n

Average 1000 fruit\/seed weight:<\/strong> 16 to 45 g.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Biological features<\/strong><\/p>\n

Life form:<\/strong> Annual herb, with solitary or fasciculate culms, up to 90 cm tall, very similar to Hordeum vulgare<\/em> but differing in the structure of the spike.<\/p>\n

Inflorescences<\/strong>, <\/strong>flower type and pollination mechanism: <\/strong>Spikelet triplet, central spikelet is hermaphrodite, the two lateral being neuter or masculine, awnless, awn of the fertile spikelet up to 12 cm. long, florets ellipsoid or spindle shaped. Pollination is carried out by wind (anemophily).<\/p>\n

Time<\/strong> of<\/strong> flowering:<\/strong> April-May<\/p>\n

Time of seed ripening:<\/strong> May-June<\/p>\n

Seed dispersal methods:<\/strong> Wind and livestock<\/p>\n

Geographical distribution: <\/strong>All over the world. Mostly in Iraq, Iran, Turkmenistan and Pakistan. Typus unknown<\/p>\n

Distribution in Iran: <\/strong>North, West, South, East and Center. Mostly in Gorgan, Azerbaijan, Kordestan, Kermanshah, Fars, Khorasan, Tehran and Alborz provinces<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Taxonomy<\/strong><\/p>\n

Family: <\/strong>Gramineae\u00a0 <\/strong><\/p>\n

Genus: <\/strong>Hordeum<\/em>\u00a0 <\/strong><\/p>\n

Species:<\/strong> distichon<\/em><\/p>\n

C<\/strong>o<\/strong>m<\/strong>m<\/strong>o<\/strong>n name: <\/strong>Barley<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

R<\/strong>eferences and Links<\/strong><\/p>\n

Mozaffarian, V. 2006. A Dictionary of Iranian plant names. Latin-English-Persian. Farhang Moaser Publishers, 671 pp.<\/p>\n

Rechinger, K.H. 1970. Flora Iranica. Akademische Druck- und Verlagsanstalt Graz Publishers, No.70. P. 242.<\/p>\n

Javadi, H. 2021. Seed: Processing and Quality tests. Agricultural Education & Extension Publishers, 175 pp.<\/p>\n

V\u00edt Bojnansk\u00fd and Ag\u00e1ta Farga\u0161ov\u00e1, 2007. Atlas of Seeds and Fruits of Central and East-European flora. Published by Springer, P.O. Box 17, 3300 AA Dordrecht, The Netherlands. P. 887.<\/p>\n

Townsend, C.C., Guest, E. and Al-Rawi, A. 1968. Flora of Iraq. Gramineae, vol. 9: 244 pp. Published by the Ministry of Agriculture of the Republic of Iraq.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Hordeum distichon L. Hamideh Javadi, Parvin Salehi Shanjani, Behnam Hamzeh’ee and Seyed Esmael Seyedian Natural Resources Gene Bank, Research Institute …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":5040,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[40],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/eseed.rifr-ac.ir\/en\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5039"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/eseed.rifr-ac.ir\/en\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/eseed.rifr-ac.ir\/en\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eseed.rifr-ac.ir\/en\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eseed.rifr-ac.ir\/en\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=5039"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/eseed.rifr-ac.ir\/en\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5039\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5041,"href":"https:\/\/eseed.rifr-ac.ir\/en\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5039\/revisions\/5041"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eseed.rifr-ac.ir\/en\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/5040"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/eseed.rifr-ac.ir\/en\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=5039"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eseed.rifr-ac.ir\/en\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=5039"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eseed.rifr-ac.ir\/en\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=5039"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}