{"id":5054,"date":"2022-06-18T11:47:16","date_gmt":"2022-06-18T07:17:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/eseed.rifr-ac.ir\/en\/?p=5054"},"modified":"2022-06-18T11:47:16","modified_gmt":"2022-06-18T07:17:16","slug":"hordeum-vulgare-l","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/eseed.rifr-ac.ir\/en\/?p=5054","title":{"rendered":"Hordeum vulgare L."},"content":{"rendered":"

Hordeum vulgare <\/em>L.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Hamideh Javadi<\/strong>, Parvin Salehi Shanjani, Behnam Hamzeh’ee and Seyed Esmael Seyedian<\/strong><\/p>\n

Natural Resources Gene Bank, Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Tehran, Iran.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Uploaded at June 2022<\/strong><\/p>\n

Scientific editor: Masoumeh Izadpanah<\/strong><\/p>\n

Seed Storage <\/strong><\/p>\n

Storage behavior of this species is orthodox (desiccation-tolerant seeds); dry to 15-20% eRH and store at -20\u00b0C.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Germination<\/strong> requirements<\/strong><\/p>\n

Seeds do not have physiological and physical dormancy and are easily able to germinate. Place seeds between-paper in 5-10 C\u00ba for 5 days to germinate uniformly. Then germinate at constant temperature of 20 C\u00ba and 8\/16 hr. photoperiod.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

Morphology<\/strong><\/p>\n

Fruit type:<\/strong> Caryopses<\/p>\n

Fruit<\/strong>\/seed<\/strong> shape:<\/strong> Connected with lemma<\/p>\n

Fruit\/seed size: <\/strong>length 7.12 to 8.41 mm, width 3.52 to 3.61 mm in an accession with 1000 fruit\/seeds weight 5.1 g. The cultivated sample was identified by Behnam Hamzeh’ee with accession number 20402 (Foreign seed).<\/p>\n

Average 1000 fruit\/seed weight:<\/strong> –<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Biological features<\/strong><\/p>\n

Life form:<\/strong> Annual herb, with culms up to 90 cm tall, smooth and glabrous. Leaf-blades green, linear-acuminate, glabrous, up to 45 cm long<\/p>\n

Inflorescences<\/strong>, <\/strong>flower type and pollination mechanism:<\/strong> Spike excluding the awns, 6-10 cm long, 1.5-2 cm broad, \u00a0square or hexagonal in section, yellow-green then yellowish, spikelets all fertile, glumes linear-lanceolate with a fine scabrid awn, lemmas broadly ovate-lanceolate, strongly 5-nerved, armed with a powerful awn up to 15 cm. long and 1 cm. broad at the base. Florets narrow rhom. Pollination is carried out by wind (anemophily).<\/p>\n

Time<\/strong> of<\/strong> flowering:<\/strong> May<\/p>\n

Time of seed ripening:<\/strong> May to June \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/strong><\/p>\n

Seed dispersal methods:<\/strong> Wind and livestock<\/p>\n

Geographical distribution: <\/strong>Around the world. Mostly in Iraq, Iran, Turkmenistan and Afghanistan. Typus unknown<\/p>\n

Distribution in Iran: <\/strong>Cultivated throughout Iran.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

Taxonomy<\/strong><\/p>\n

Family: <\/strong>Gramineae\u00a0 <\/strong><\/p>\n

Genus: <\/strong>Hordeum<\/em>\u00a0 <\/strong><\/p>\n

Species:<\/strong> vulgare<\/em><\/p>\n

C<\/strong>o<\/strong>m<\/strong>m<\/strong>o<\/strong>n name: <\/strong>Barley<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

R<\/strong>eferences and Links<\/strong><\/p>\n

Mozaffarian, V. 2006. A Dictionary of Iranian plant names. Latin-English-Persian. Farhang Moaser Publishers, 671 pp.<\/p>\n

http:\/\/floranorthamerica.org\/Hordeum<\/p>\n

Rechinger, K.H. 1970. Flora Iranica. Akademische Druck- und Verlagsanstalt Graz Publishers, No.70, P. 242.<\/p>\n

Javadi, H. 2021. Seed: Processing and Quality tests. Agricultural Education & Extension Publishers, 175 pp.<\/p>\n

V\u00edt Bojnansk\u00fd and Ag\u00e1ta Farga\u0161ov\u00e1, 2007. Atlas of Seeds and Fruits of Central and East-European flora. Published by Springer, P.O. Box 17, 3300 AA Dordrecht, The Netherlands. P. 889.<\/p>\n

Townsend, C.C., Guest, E. and Al-Rawi, A. 1968. Flora of Iraq. Gramineae, vol. 9: 244 pp. Published by the Ministry of Agriculture of the Republic of Iraq.<\/p>\n

Kamal M. Ibrahim and Paul M. Peterson, 2014. Grasses of Washington, D.C. Published by Smithsonian Institution Scholarly Press. 130 pp.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Hordeum vulgare L. Hamideh Javadi, Parvin Salehi Shanjani, Behnam Hamzeh’ee and Seyed Esmael Seyedian Natural Resources Gene Bank, Research Institute …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":5065,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[40],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/eseed.rifr-ac.ir\/en\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5054"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/eseed.rifr-ac.ir\/en\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/eseed.rifr-ac.ir\/en\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eseed.rifr-ac.ir\/en\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eseed.rifr-ac.ir\/en\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=5054"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/eseed.rifr-ac.ir\/en\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5054\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5140,"href":"https:\/\/eseed.rifr-ac.ir\/en\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5054\/revisions\/5140"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eseed.rifr-ac.ir\/en\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/5065"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/eseed.rifr-ac.ir\/en\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=5054"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eseed.rifr-ac.ir\/en\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=5054"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eseed.rifr-ac.ir\/en\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=5054"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}