{"id":5190,"date":"2023-12-10T12:48:22","date_gmt":"2023-12-10T09:18:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/eseed.rifr-ac.ir\/en\/?p=5190"},"modified":"2023-12-16T10:35:15","modified_gmt":"2023-12-16T07:05:15","slug":"cichorium-intybus-l","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/eseed.rifr-ac.ir\/en\/?p=5190","title":{"rendered":"Cichorium intybus L."},"content":{"rendered":"

Cichorium intybus <\/em>L.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Mohammad Ali Alizadeh, Masoumeh Ramezani Yeganeh, Mohammad Reza Pahlevani, Valiollah Mozaffarian and Saeedeh Mirzadeh Waqfi <\/strong><\/p>\n

Natural Resources Gene Bank, Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Tehran, Iran.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Uploaded at October 2023<\/strong><\/p>\n

Scientific editor: Masoumeh Izadpanah and Parvin Salehi Shanjani<\/strong><\/p>\n

Seed Storage: <\/strong>The storage behavior of this species is orthodox (desiccation-tolerant seeds); dry to 8-10 % eRH and store at -18 \u00b0C.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

Germination requirements<\/strong><\/p>\n

The seeds of this species have non-deep dormancy. Sterilize seeds before placing them on wet germination paper. Place seeds at 4 \u00baC for two weeks to germinate uniformly, then germinate under an alternating temperature regime of 15-20 \u00baC (the higher temperature for 16 hours of light and the lower one for eight hours of dark).<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

Morphology<\/strong><\/p>\n

Fruit<\/strong>\/seed<\/strong> type:<\/strong> Achene<\/p>\n

Fruit<\/strong>\/seed<\/strong> shape:<\/strong> Obconic, indistinctly angular, apex truncate with scaly corona, surface longitudinally furrowed, lusterless, color pale-brown to clay<\/p>\n

Fruit<\/strong>\/seed <\/strong>size:<\/strong> Length 2.4-4.8 mm, width 1.6-2 mm, in an accession from Talesh, Gilan with 1000 fruit\/seed weight 1.2 g, which was collected in 2003 by Ayub Babaie and the cultivated sample was identified by Valiollah Mozafarian and Saideh Sadat Mirzadeh Vaghefi with accession number 13219.<\/p>\n

Average 1000 Fruit<\/strong>\/seed<\/strong> weight:<\/strong> 0.4-2.5 g<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

Biological features<\/strong><\/p>\n

Life Form: <\/strong>Herbaceous, Perennial, height 5-100 cm, glabrous or densely covered with long bristle-like hairs<\/p>\n

Inflorescence, flower<\/strong> type, and pollination mechanism:<\/strong> Inflorescence raceme-like, flowers bisexual, ray florets light blue. Plant monoecious, cross-pollinated. Pollination is carried out by both wind (anemophily) and insects (entomophily).<\/p>\n

Time of flowering:<\/strong> April to June<\/p>\n

Time of seed ripening:<\/strong> June to July<\/p>\n

Seed dispersal methods:<\/strong> Natural agents (wind, insects, birds, and animals)<\/p>\n

Geographical<\/strong> distribution: <\/strong>Europe and Asia. Typus from Europe<\/p>\n

Distribution in Iran: <\/strong>North, Northwest, Northeast, West, East, Center, South, and Southeast, in the provinces of Gilan, Mazandaran, Azerbaijan, Kurdistan, Hamedan, Kermanshah, Lorestan, Isfahan, Khuzestan, Hormozgan, Khorasan, Kerman, Sistan, Tehran and Qazvin.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

Taxonomy<\/strong><\/p>\n

Family: <\/strong>Composite<\/p>\n

Genus:<\/strong> Cichorium<\/em><\/p>\n

Species: <\/strong>C. <\/em>intybus<\/em><\/p>\n

Persian name:<\/strong> Kasni<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

References<\/strong><\/p>\n

Black, M. and Bewley, J.D. 2000. Seed technology and its biological basis. Sheffield Academic Press, 1-419 P.<\/p>\n

Boj\u0148ansk\u00fd, V. and Farga\u0161ov\u00e1, A. 2007. Atlas of seeds and fruits of central and East-European flora: the Carpathian Mountains region. Springer, Dordrecht, The Netherlands, 1046 P.<\/p>\n

Ghahraman, A. Flore of Iran. Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands with University of Tehran Publication. https:\/\/floraofiran.net\/index.php.<\/p>\n

Mozaffarian, V.A. 2012. A pictorial dictionary of botany. Farhange Moaser publisher, Tehran, 1088 P.<\/p>\n

Mozaffarian, V.A. 1998. Dictionary of Iranian Plants Names. Farhange Moaser Publisher, Tehran, 671 P.<\/p>\n

Safavi, R., Naseh, Y., Gafari, A., Tavakoloi, Z. and Heidarnia, N., 2013. Flora of Iran, vol. 77: Asteracea, Tribe Cichorieae. Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands Press, 547 P.<\/p>\n

Sharma, O.P. 2009. Plant taxonomy 2E. Tata McGraw-Hill Education, New Delhi, 563 P.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Cichorium intybus L. Mohammad Ali Alizadeh, Masoumeh Ramezani Yeganeh, Mohammad Reza Pahlevani, Valiollah Mozaffarian and Saeedeh Mirzadeh Waqfi Natural Resources …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":5191,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[40],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/eseed.rifr-ac.ir\/en\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5190"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/eseed.rifr-ac.ir\/en\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/eseed.rifr-ac.ir\/en\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eseed.rifr-ac.ir\/en\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eseed.rifr-ac.ir\/en\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=5190"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/eseed.rifr-ac.ir\/en\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5190\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5286,"href":"https:\/\/eseed.rifr-ac.ir\/en\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5190\/revisions\/5286"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eseed.rifr-ac.ir\/en\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/5191"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/eseed.rifr-ac.ir\/en\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=5190"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eseed.rifr-ac.ir\/en\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=5190"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eseed.rifr-ac.ir\/en\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=5190"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}