{"id":5338,"date":"2023-12-24T14:48:43","date_gmt":"2023-12-24T11:18:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/eseed.rifr-ac.ir\/en\/?p=5338"},"modified":"2023-12-24T15:19:17","modified_gmt":"2023-12-24T11:49:17","slug":"vicia-ervilia-willd","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/eseed.rifr-ac.ir\/en\/?p=5338","title":{"rendered":"Vicia ervilia Willd."},"content":{"rendered":"

Vicia ervilia <\/em>Willd.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Hamideh Javadi, Leila Falah Hoseini, Masoumeh Ramezani Yeganeh and Nastaran Jalilian <\/strong><\/p>\n

Natural Resources Gene Bank, Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Tehran, Iran.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Uploaded at September 2022<\/strong><\/p>\n

Scientific editor: Masoumeh Izadpanah and Parvin Salehi Shanjani<\/strong><\/p>\n

Seed Storage <\/strong><\/p>\n

The storage behavior of this species is orthodox (desiccation-tolerant seeds), dry to 15-20% eRH, and store at -20\u00b0C.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Germination<\/strong> requirements<\/strong><\/p>\n

The seeds of this species are not dormant. Sterilize seeds before placing them on wet germination paper. Place seeds for two weeks at 4 \u00baC to germinate uniformly. Then germinate under an alternating temperature regime of 15\/20 \u00baC (the higher temperature for 16 hours in light and the lower one for eight hours in dark).<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Morphology<\/strong><\/p>\n

Fruit<\/strong> type<\/strong>:<\/strong> Pod<\/p>\n

Fruit shape: <\/strong>Seeds appressed together, sharp at the tip, covered with short and soft hairs, 2-4 seeds<\/p>\n

Fruit size:<\/strong> Length 14 to 22 mm; width 3 to 5 mm<\/p>\n

Seed shape:<\/strong> Triangle, oblique ovoid, ventral side flat to concave, transverse section broadly ovate, side faces slanted towards the dorsal margin, cr\u00e8me to brown, with light brown spots<\/p>\n

Seed size:<\/strong> length 3.44 to 3.96 mm, width 3.64 to 3.84 mm in an accession from Arak, Markazi, with 1000 seeds weight 34.1 g, which was collected by Abdi and the cultivated sample was identified by Nastaran Jalilian with an accession number of 14965<\/p>\n

Average 1000 seed weight: <\/strong>25 to 51.4 g<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Biological<\/strong> features<\/strong><\/p>\n

Life form:<\/strong> Annual herb, glabrous, stem erect, 10-27 cm high<\/p>\n

Inflorescence<\/strong>, <\/strong>flower type, and pollination mechanism:<\/strong> Inflorescence single and axial, 1-2-flowerd. Flowers 6-8 mm long. Calyx campanulate and curved at the base, covered with soft, short and scattered hairs. Flowers hermaphrodite and self-pollinating. Pollination is carried out by insects (entomophily<\/em>).<\/p>\n

Time<\/strong> of<\/strong> flowering:<\/strong> May to June<\/p>\n

Time of seed ripening:<\/strong> May to June<\/p>\n

Seed dispersal methods:<\/strong> Wind and domestic animals<\/p>\n

Geographical distribution: <\/strong>Southern Europe, Turkey, Iran, Caucasus, Afghanistan, Iraq, Syria, Lebanon, and North Africa. Typus from Europe (France)<\/p>\n

Distribution in Iran: <\/strong>North, West, East, Center, and South. Mostly in Mazandaran, Kurdistan, Hamadan, Esfahan, Kohkiluyeh ve Buyerahmad, Bakhtiyari, Fars, Khuzestan, Khorasan, and Tehran provinces<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Taxonomy<\/strong><\/p>\n

Family: <\/strong>Papilionaceae\u00a0 <\/strong><\/p>\n

Genus: <\/strong>Vicia<\/em><\/p>\n

Species: <\/strong>V<\/em>. ervilia<\/em><\/p>\n

C<\/strong>o<\/strong>m<\/strong>m<\/strong>o<\/strong>n name: <\/strong>Bitter vetch<\/p>\n

Persian name<\/strong>:<\/strong> Mashak-e-Gavdaneh<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

R<\/strong>eferences and Links<\/strong><\/p>\n

Chrtkov\u00e1-\u017dertov\u00e1, A., Maesen, L.J.G. Van. Der. and Rechinger, K.H. 1979. Papilonaceae I – Vicieae. In: Rechinger, K.H. (ed.), Flora Iranica, 140. Graz.<\/p>\n

Ghahraman, A. 2017. Flora of Iran. Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands Publications. 27, 3372.<\/p>\n

Javadi, H. 2021. Seed: Processing and Quality tests. Agricultural Education & Extension Publishers, 175 pp.<\/p>\n

Mozaffarian, V. 2006. A Dictionary of Iranian plant names. Latin-English-Persian. Farhang Moaser Publishers, 671 pp<\/p>\n

Mozaffarian, V. 2010. A pictorial dictionary of Botany (Botanical Taxonomy). Latin-English-French-German-Persian. Farhang Moaser Publishers, 1064 pp.<\/p>\n

Pakravan, M., Jalilian, N. and Nemati, M. 2000. Flora of Iran. Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands Publications. No.33: Papilionaceae (Vicieae).p.67.<\/p>\n

V\u00edt Bojnansk\u00fd and Ag\u00e1ta Farga\u0161ov\u00e1, 2007. Atlas of Seeds and Fruits of Central and East-European flora. Published by Springer, P.O. Box 17, 3300 AA Dordrecht, The Netherlands, 321 p.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Vicia ervilia Willd. Hamideh Javadi, Leila Falah Hoseini, Masoumeh Ramezani Yeganeh and Nastaran Jalilian Natural Resources Gene Bank, Research Institute …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":5339,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[40],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/eseed.rifr-ac.ir\/en\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5338"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/eseed.rifr-ac.ir\/en\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/eseed.rifr-ac.ir\/en\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eseed.rifr-ac.ir\/en\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eseed.rifr-ac.ir\/en\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=5338"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/eseed.rifr-ac.ir\/en\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5338\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5348,"href":"https:\/\/eseed.rifr-ac.ir\/en\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5338\/revisions\/5348"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eseed.rifr-ac.ir\/en\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/5339"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/eseed.rifr-ac.ir\/en\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=5338"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eseed.rifr-ac.ir\/en\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=5338"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eseed.rifr-ac.ir\/en\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=5338"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}