{"id":5522,"date":"2024-07-20T12:24:25","date_gmt":"2024-07-20T07:54:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/eseed.rifr-ac.ir\/en\/?p=5522"},"modified":"2024-07-20T12:24:25","modified_gmt":"2024-07-20T07:54:25","slug":"carum-carvi-l","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/eseed.rifr-ac.ir\/en\/?p=5522","title":{"rendered":"Carum carvi L."},"content":{"rendered":"

Carum carvi <\/em>L.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Parvin Salehi Shanjani, Bahare Afsharnezhad and Marzieh Tabe<\/strong><\/p>\n

Natural Resources Gene Bank, Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Tehran, Iran.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Uploaded at July 2024<\/strong><\/p>\n

Scientific editor: Mohammad Dadmand<\/strong><\/p>\n

Seed Storage <\/strong><\/p>\n

The storage behavior of this species is orthodox (desiccation-tolerant seeds), dry to 15-20% eRH, and store at -20\u00b0C.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Germination<\/strong> requirements<\/strong><\/p>\n

The seeds of this species are dormant. Sterilize seeds before placing them on wet germination paper. Place seeds for 90 days at 4 \u00baC to germinate uniformly. Then germinate under an alternating temperature regime of 15\/20 \u00baC (the higher temperature for 16 hours in light and the lower one for eight hours in dark).<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

Morphology<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u200cFruit type: <\/strong>Schizocarp (schizocarp is an indehiscent dry fruit that consists of two not compressed or compressed lattraly\/dorsally carpels called mericarp)<\/p>\n

Fruit shape: <\/strong>Mericarps narrow ellipsoid, slightly compressed laterally, ventral side flat with visible vittae, dorsal side convex, five-ribbed. Surface valleculae, dark-brown, lusterless, ribs cream color<\/p>\n

Fruit <\/strong>size: <\/strong>Length 2.72 to 3.64 mm, width 0.53 to 0.92 mm in an accession from Khosf, South Khorasan, with 1000 seed\/fruit weight 1.3 g, which was collected and identified in 2013 by Marzieh Tabe and is stored in the Natural Resources Gene Bank of Iran with the accession 44381.<\/p>\n

Average 1000 seed\/fruit weight: <\/strong>0.9 to 4.2 g<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Biological<\/strong> features<\/strong><\/p>\n

Life form: <\/strong>Herbaceous, biennial or perennial, glabrous. Stems erect, 30 to 100 cm height<\/p>\n

Inflorescence, flower type, and pollination mechanism:<\/strong> Inflorescence compound umbel, with 3 to 16 rays, up to 5 cm in long; umbellule with 15 white flowers. \u200cPlant monoecious, \u200ccross-pollinated. Pollination is carried out by insects.<\/p>\n

Time<\/strong> of<\/strong> flowering:<\/strong> Late spring to mid-summer<\/p>\n

Time of seed ripening:<\/strong> Summer<\/p>\n

Seed dispersal methods:<\/strong> Seed weight<\/p>\n

Geographical distribution<\/strong>:<\/strong> Europe, Iran, Caucasus, Siberia, Afghanistan, Pakistan, Iraq, and Northwest Africa. Typus from Europe<\/p>\n

Distribution in Iran:<\/strong> North, Northwest, Center and Northeast. Mostly in provinces of Azarbaijan, Khorasan and Tehran<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Taxonomy<\/strong><\/p>\n

Family: <\/strong>Apiaceae<\/p>\n

Genus: <\/strong>Carum <\/em><\/p>\n

Species: \u200c<\/em><\/strong>C. carvi<\/em><\/p>\n

Common name<\/strong>:<\/strong> Caraway, meridian fennel, Persian cumin<\/p>\n

Persian name<\/strong>:<\/strong> Zireh-e siyah<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

R<\/strong>eferences and Links<\/strong><\/p>\n

Black, M. and Bewley, J.D. 2000. Seed technology and its biological basis. Sheffield Academic Press, 1-419 pp.<\/p>\n

Boj\u0148ansk\u00fd, V. and Farga\u0161ov\u00e1, A. 2007. Atlas of seeds and fruits of central and East-European flora: the Carpathian Mountains region. Springer, Dordrecht, The Netherlands, 1046 pp.<\/p>\n

Ghahraman, A. Flore of Iran. Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands with University of Tehran Publication. https:\/\/floraofiran.net\/index.php.<\/p>\n

Mozaffarian V. 2007. Flora of Iran, No. 54: Umbelliferae. Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands Press, Tehran, Iran, 596 pp.<\/p>\n

Mozaffarian, V.A. 1998. Dictionary of Iranian plants names. Farhange Moaser Publisher, Tehran, 671 pp.<\/p>\n

Mozaffarian, V.A. 2012. A Pictorial dictionary of botany. Farhange Moaser Publisher, Tehran, 1088 pp.<\/p>\n

Sharma, O.P. 2009. Plant taxonomy 2E. Tata McGraw-Hill Education, New Delhi, 563 pp.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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