{"id":5832,"date":"2025-10-11T10:59:40","date_gmt":"2025-10-11T07:29:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/eseed.rifr-ac.ir\/en\/?p=5832"},"modified":"2025-10-11T11:29:46","modified_gmt":"2025-10-11T07:59:46","slug":"centaurea-hyrcanica-bornm","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/eseed.rifr-ac.ir\/en\/?p=5832","title":{"rendered":"Centaurea hyrcanica Bornm."},"content":{"rendered":"

Centaurea hyrcanica <\/em>Bornm.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Parvin Salehi Shanjani, Leila Rasoulzadeh and\u00a0 Ayub Moradi<\/strong><\/p>\n

Natural Resources Gene Bank, Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Tehran, Iran.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Uploaded at October 2025<\/strong><\/p>\n

Scientific editor: Masoumeh Izadpanah<\/strong><\/p>\n

Seed Storage <\/strong><\/p>\n

The storage behavior of this species is orthodox (desiccation-tolerant seeds), dry to 15-20% eRH, and store at -20\u00b0C.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Germination<\/strong> requirements<\/strong><\/p>\n

The seeds of this species are not dormant. Sterilize seeds before placing them on wet germination paper. Place seeds for two weeks at 4 \u00baC to germinate uniformly. Then germinate under an alternating temperature regime of 15\/20 \u00baC (the higher temperature for 16 hours in light and the lower one for eight hours in dark).<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

Morphology<\/strong><\/p>\n

Fruit type:<\/strong> Achene<\/p>\n

Fruit shape: <\/strong>Sub-cylindrical, compressed laterally, apex truncate, pappus short, violet-colored, hilum vide, sub-lateral. Surface pubescent, dull, with longitudinal faint striate, cream-colored<\/p>\n

Fruit size:<\/strong> Length 3.07 to 3.32 mm, width 1.16 to 1.42 mm in an accession from Fuman, Gilan, with 1000 seed\/fruit weight 0.1 g, which was collected and identified in 2017 by Ayub Moradi, and is stored in the Natural Resources Gene Bank of Iran with the accession number 46694.<\/p>\n

1000 seed\/fruit weight: <\/strong>0.1 g<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Biological<\/strong> features<\/strong><\/p>\n

Life form: <\/strong>Subshrub, perennial, woody at base, pubescent. Multi-stemmed, stems erect, 10 to 50 cm long<\/p>\n

Inflorescence, flower type, and pollination mechanism: <\/strong>Inflorescences solitary capitate, capitulum barely radiate (disc-ray); florets red to pink; involucre cup-shaped, involucral bracts multiseriate, involucral bracts arrangement free. \u200cPlant monoecious, \u200ccross-pollinated. Pollination is carried out by insects.<\/p>\n

Time of flowering:<\/strong> Late spring to mid-summer<\/p>\n

Time of fruit\/seed ripening:<\/strong> Late spring to mid-summer<\/p>\n

Fruit\/seed dispersal methods:<\/strong> The agent of seed distribution is animals and seed weight.<\/p>\n

Geographical distribution<\/strong>: <\/strong>Iran and Caucasus. Typus from Rostamabad, Gilan<\/p>\n

Distribution in Iran: <\/strong>North. Mostly in provinces Golestan, Mazandaran and Gilan<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Taxonomy<\/strong><\/p>\n

Family: <\/strong>Asteraceae\u00a0 <\/strong><\/p>\n

Genus: <\/strong>Centaurea<\/em>\u00a0 <\/strong><\/p>\n

Species: <\/strong>C. hyrcanica<\/em><\/p>\n

Persian name:<\/strong> Golegandom\u2013e khazari<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

References and Links<\/strong><\/p>\n

Black, M. and Bewley, J.D. 2000. Seed technology and its biological basis. Sheffield Academic Press, 1-419 pp.<\/p>\n

Boj\u0148ansk\u00fd, V. and Farga\u0161ov\u00e1, A. 2007. Atlas of seeds and fruits of central and East-European flora: the Carpathian Mountains region. Springer, Dordrecht, The Netherlands, 1046 pp.<\/p>\n

Ghahraman, A. Flore of Iran. Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands with University of Tehran Publication. https:\/\/floraofiran.net\/index.php.<\/p>\n

Mozaffarian, V.A. 1998. Dictionary of Iranian plants names. Farhange Moaser Publisher, Tehran, 671 pp.<\/p>\n

Mozaffarian, V.A. 2012. A Pictorial dictionary of botany. Farhange Moaser Publisher, Tehran, 1088 pp.<\/p>\n

Mozaffarian, V., Ghahremaninejad, F., Narimisa, S., Kazempour-Osaloo, Sh., Jafari, E., Lotfi, E. Assadi, M. 2018. Flora of Iran, Asteraceae. Institute of Forests and Rangelands Press, Tehran, Iran, Publication No. 144, 1023 pp.<\/p>\n

Ranjbar, M. and Negaresh, K. 2014. The genus Centaurea (Asteraceae, cardueae) in Iran: Two new species and a lectotypification. Edinburgh Journal of Botany, 71: 51-56.<\/p>\n

Sharma, O.P. 2009. Plant taxonomy 2E. Tata McGraw-Hill Education, New Delhi, 563 pp.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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