{"id":5856,"date":"2025-10-11T13:24:36","date_gmt":"2025-10-11T09:54:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/eseed.rifr-ac.ir\/en\/?p=5856"},"modified":"2025-10-11T13:24:36","modified_gmt":"2025-10-11T09:54:36","slug":"centaurea-regia-boiss","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/eseed.rifr-ac.ir\/en\/?p=5856","title":{"rendered":"Centaurea regia Boiss."},"content":{"rendered":"

Centaurea regia <\/em>Boiss.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Parvin Salehi Shanjani, Leila Rasoulzadeh and Nastaran Jalilian<\/strong><\/p>\n

Natural Resources Gene Bank, Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Tehran, Iran.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Uploaded at October 2025<\/strong><\/p>\n

Scientific editor: Masoumeh Izadpanah<\/strong><\/p>\n

Seed Storage <\/strong><\/p>\n

The storage behavior of this species is orthodox (desiccation-tolerant seeds), dry to 15-20% eRH, and store at -20\u00b0C.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Germination<\/strong> requirements<\/strong><\/p>\n

The seeds of this species are not dormant. Sterilize seeds before placing them on wet germination paper. Place seeds for two weeks at 4 \u00baC to germinate uniformly. Then germinate under an alternating temperature regime of 15\/20 \u00baC (the higher temperature for 16 hours in light and the lower one for eight hours in dark).<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

Morphology<\/strong><\/p>\n

Fruit type:<\/strong> Achene<\/p>\n

Fruit shape: <\/strong>Sub-cylindrical or slightly obconic, lateral slight compressed, somewhat four-angled in trans-section, apex truncate, pappus longer than the achene, cream-colored, somewhat, outer bristles shorter than interior, outers cream-colored violate at base,\u00a0 interior dark violet-colored, hilum sub-lateral. Surface glabrous, smooth, lustrous, with longitudinal faint striate, achene cream-colored<\/p>\n

Fruit size:<\/strong> Length 6.98 to 7.28 mm, width 2.67 to 3.68mm in an accession from Ravansar, Kermanshah, with 1000 seed\/fruit weight 49.2 g, which was collected and identified in 2017 by Nastaran Jalilian and is stored in the Natural Resources Gene Bank of Iran with the accession number 46661.<\/p>\n

1000 seed\/fruit weight: <\/strong>46.8 to 69 g<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Biological<\/strong> features<\/strong><\/p>\n

Life form: <\/strong>Subshrub, biennial, pubescent. Stem erect, 40 to 110 cm long<\/p>\n

Inflorescence, flower type, and pollination mechanism:<\/strong> Inflorescences raceme-like capitate, capitulum discoid; florets red-purple; involucre sub-globose, involucral bracts multiseriate, involucral bracts arrangement free. \u200cPlant monoecious, \u200ccross-pollinated. Pollination is carried out by insects.<\/p>\n

Time of flowering:<\/strong> Mid-spring<\/p>\n

Time of fruit\/seed ripening:<\/strong> Mid-spring<\/p>\n

Fruit\/seed dispersal methods:<\/strong> The agent of seed distribution is animals and seed weight.<\/p>\n

Geographical distribution<\/strong>: <\/strong>Iran, Iraq and Russia. Typus from Dejleh deserts, Iraq<\/p>\n

Distribution in Iran:<\/strong> West. Mostly in province Kermanshah<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Taxonomy<\/strong><\/p>\n

Family: <\/strong>Asteraceae\u00a0 <\/strong><\/p>\n

Genus: <\/strong>Centaurea<\/em>\u00a0 <\/strong><\/p>\n

Species: <\/strong>C. regia<\/em><\/p>\n

Persian name:<\/strong> Golegandom\u2013e kermanshahi<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

References and Links<\/strong><\/p>\n

Black, M. and Bewley, J.D. 2000. Seed technology and its biological basis. Sheffield Academic Press, 1-419 pp.<\/p>\n

Boj\u0148ansk\u00fd, V. and Farga\u0161ov\u00e1, A. 2007. Atlas of seeds and fruits of central and East-European flora: the Carpathian Mountains region. Springer, Dordrecht, The Netherlands, 1046 pp.<\/p>\n

Ghahraman, A. Flore of Iran. Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands with University of Tehran Publication. https:\/\/floraofiran.net\/index.php.<\/p>\n

Mozaffarian, V.A. 1998. Dictionary of Iranian plants names. Farhange Moaser Publisher, Tehran, 671 pp.<\/p>\n

Mozaffarian, V.A. 2012. A Pictorial dictionary of botany. Farhange Moaser Publisher, Tehran, 1088 pp.<\/p>\n

Mozaffarian, V., Ghahremaninejad, F., Narimisa, S., Kazempour-Osaloo, Sh., Jafari, E., Lotfi, E. Assadi, M. 2018. Flora of Iran, Asteraceae. Institute of Forests and Rangelands Press, Tehran, Iran, Publication No. 144, 1023 pp.<\/p>\n

Ranjbar, M. and Negaresh, K. 2014. The genus Centaurea (Asteraceae, cardueae) in Iran: Two new species and a lectotypification. Edinburgh Journal of Botany, 71: 51-56.<\/p>\n

Sharma, O.P. 2009. Plant taxonomy 2E. Tata McGraw-Hill Education, New Delhi, 563 pp.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Centaurea regia Boiss. Parvin Salehi Shanjani, Leila Rasoulzadeh and Nastaran Jalilian Natural Resources Gene Bank, Research Institute of Forests and …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":5857,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[40],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/eseed.rifr-ac.ir\/en\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5856"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/eseed.rifr-ac.ir\/en\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/eseed.rifr-ac.ir\/en\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eseed.rifr-ac.ir\/en\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eseed.rifr-ac.ir\/en\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=5856"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/eseed.rifr-ac.ir\/en\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5856\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5858,"href":"https:\/\/eseed.rifr-ac.ir\/en\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5856\/revisions\/5858"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eseed.rifr-ac.ir\/en\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/5857"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/eseed.rifr-ac.ir\/en\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=5856"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eseed.rifr-ac.ir\/en\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=5856"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eseed.rifr-ac.ir\/en\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=5856"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}