{"id":5888,"date":"2025-10-15T13:43:45","date_gmt":"2025-10-15T10:13:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/eseed.rifr-ac.ir\/en\/?p=5888"},"modified":"2025-10-15T13:43:45","modified_gmt":"2025-10-15T10:13:45","slug":"hedysarum-plumosum-boiss-haussknecht","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/eseed.rifr-ac.ir\/en\/?p=5888","title":{"rendered":"Hedysarum plumosum Boiss. & Haussknecht"},"content":{"rendered":"

Hedysarum plumosum <\/em>Boiss. & Haussknecht<\/strong><\/p>\n

Parvin Salehi Shanjani, Bahare Afsharnezhad and Hamzehali Shiralimardi<\/strong><\/p>\n

Natural Resources Gene Bank, Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Tehran, Iran.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Uploaded at october 2025<\/strong><\/p>\n

Scientific editor: Masoumeh Izadpanah<\/strong><\/p>\n

Seed Storage <\/strong><\/p>\n

The storage behavior of this species is orthodox (desiccation-tolerant seeds), dry to 15-20% eRH, and store at -20\u00b0C.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Germination<\/strong> requirements<\/strong><\/p>\n

The seeds have physical-physiological dormancy and this is related to seed coat and inhibitors. To remove the seed coat, different methods of scarification can be used (sandpaper, sulfuric acid, hot water, etc.). To break dormancy, stratification with pre-chilling (for 14 days), ultrasonic waves, and hormones (Gibberellic acid 100 ppm) are efficient. The best method for breaking dormancy is rubbing the seeds with sandpaper and moist chilling (14 days at 4 \u00b0C). Then germinate under a constant temperature of 20 \u00baC or alternating temperature 25 \u00baC (16 hours of light) and 15 \u00baC (8 hours of dark).<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

Morphology<\/strong><\/p>\n

Fruit type:<\/strong> Pod<\/p>\n

Fruit shape:<\/strong> Pod mono- or bi-locular\/segmented, tuberculate<\/p>\n

Fruit size:<\/strong> Each segments approximately 5 mm in length and width<\/p>\n

Seed shape:<\/strong> Reniform, compressed, with differentiated prominence of embryo and cotyledons on dorsal and ventral sides. Surface smooth\/glabrous, slightly lustrous, dark brown<\/p>\n

Seed size: <\/strong>Length 4.47 to 4.79 mm, width 3.60 to 3.99 mm in an accession from Lordegan, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari, with 1000 seed weight 12 g, which was collected and identified in 2017 by Hamzehali Shiralimardi, and is stored in the Natural Resources Gene Bank of Iran with the accession number 46758.<\/p>\n

Average 1000 seed weight: <\/strong>12 g<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

Biological<\/strong> features<\/strong><\/p>\n

Life form: <\/strong>Herbaceous, perennial, 5 to 10 cm height, pubescent. Stemless<\/p>\n

Inflorescence, flower type, and pollination mechanism:<\/strong> Inflorescence raceme, dense, ovate to spherical; flowers hermaphrodite, zygomorphic, papilionaceous, corolla (composed of banner: upper large petal, wings: two petals adjacent to the banner, and keel: two bottom petals) deep pink, wings shorter than the keel. Plant monoecious, cross-pollinated. Pollination is carried out by insects.<\/p>\n

Time<\/strong> of<\/strong> flowering:<\/strong> Late spring<\/p>\n

Time of seed ripening:<\/strong> Early summer<\/p>\n

Seed dispersal methods:<\/strong> Seed weight and ate animals<\/p>\n

Geographical distribution<\/strong>:<\/strong> Exclusive to Iran. Typus from Bakhtiari, Mountain Kahlar<\/p>\n

Distribution in Iran:<\/strong> Northeast, East and West. Mostly in Lorestan, Bakhtiari, Semnan and Khorasan provinces<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Taxonomy<\/strong><\/p>\n

Family: <\/strong>Fabaceae<\/p>\n

Genus: <\/strong>Hedysarum<\/em><\/p>\n

Species:<\/strong> H. plumosum<\/em><\/p>\n

Persian name<\/strong>:<\/strong> Esperes-e parmorghi<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

R<\/strong>eferences and Links<\/strong><\/p>\n

Amirabadizadeh, H., Asadi, M., Ramk-Masoumi, A. A., Nemati-Peikani, M., Jani-Ghorbani, M., Jalilian, N., Esmal, A., Zaefi, M., Abbasi, M., Yousef-Naenai, S., Jafari, A., Pouyan, P., Ghahramanejad, F., Choghamirzaei, E., Amirkhosravi, A. Mehregan, I. 1402. Flora of Iran, No. 177: Fabaceae. Institute of Forests and Rangelands Press, Tehran, Iran, 935 pp.<\/p>\n

Black, M. and Bewley, J.D. 2000. Seed technology and its biological basis. Sheffield Academic Press, 1-419 pp.<\/p>\n

Boj\u0148ansk\u00fd, V. and Farga\u0161ov\u00e1, A. 2007. Atlas of seeds and fruits of central and East-European flora: the Carpathian Mountains region. Springer, Dordrecht, The Netherlands, 1046 pp.<\/p>\n

Ghahraman, A. Flore of Iran. Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands with University of Tehran Publication. https:\/\/floraofiran.net\/index.php.<\/p>\n

Maassoumi, A.A. 2016. Flora of Iran, No. 85: Fabaceae (Astragalus II). Institute of Forests and Rangelands Press, Tehran, Iran, 504 pp.<\/p>\n

Mozaffarian, V.A. 1998. Dictionary of Iranian plants names. Farhange Moaser Publisher, Tehran, 671 pp.<\/p>\n

Mozaffarian, V.A. 2012. A Pictorial dictionary of botany. Farhange Moaser Publisher, Tehran, 1088 pp.<\/p>\n

Sharma, O.P. 2009. Plant taxonomy 2E. Tata McGraw-Hill Education, New Delhi, 563 pp.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Hedysarum plumosum Boiss. & Haussknecht Parvin Salehi Shanjani, Bahare Afsharnezhad and Hamzehali Shiralimardi Natural Resources Gene Bank, Research Institute of …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":5889,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[40],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/eseed.rifr-ac.ir\/en\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5888"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/eseed.rifr-ac.ir\/en\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/eseed.rifr-ac.ir\/en\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eseed.rifr-ac.ir\/en\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eseed.rifr-ac.ir\/en\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=5888"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/eseed.rifr-ac.ir\/en\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5888\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5890,"href":"https:\/\/eseed.rifr-ac.ir\/en\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5888\/revisions\/5890"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eseed.rifr-ac.ir\/en\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/5889"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/eseed.rifr-ac.ir\/en\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=5888"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eseed.rifr-ac.ir\/en\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=5888"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eseed.rifr-ac.ir\/en\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=5888"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}