{"id":5924,"date":"2025-10-18T09:37:02","date_gmt":"2025-10-18T06:07:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/eseed.rifr-ac.ir\/en\/?p=5924"},"modified":"2025-10-18T09:37:02","modified_gmt":"2025-10-18T06:07:02","slug":"cousinia-silvanica-attar","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/eseed.rifr-ac.ir\/en\/?p=5924","title":{"rendered":"Cousinia silvanica Attar"},"content":{"rendered":"

Cousinia silvanica<\/em> Attar<\/strong><\/p>\n

Parvin Salehi Shanjani, Bahare Afsharnezhad and Valiullah Mozaffarian<\/strong><\/p>\n

Natural Resources Gene Bank, Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Tehran, Iran.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Uploaded at october 2025<\/strong><\/p>\n

Scientific editor: Masoumeh Izadpanah<\/strong><\/p>\n

Seed Storage <\/strong><\/p>\n

The storage behavior of this species is orthodox (desiccation-tolerant seeds), dry to 15-20% eRH, and store at -20\u00b0C.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Germination<\/strong> requirements<\/strong><\/p>\n

The seeds of this species have non-deep dormancy. Sterilize seeds before placing them on wet germination paper. Place seeds for two weeks at 4 \u00baC to germinate uniformly. Then germinate under an alternating temperature regime of 15\/20 \u00baC (the higher temperature for 16 hours in light and the lower one for eight hours in dark).<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

Morphology<\/strong><\/p>\n

Fruit type:<\/strong> Achene<\/p>\n

Fruit shape:<\/strong> Slightly cuneiform, dorsal side slightly convex, ventral side flat, base narrowed to hilum, pappus deciduous. Surface glabrous, wav-like reticulate, lusterless, brown with yellowish pale brown patterns<\/p>\n

Fruit<\/strong> size: <\/strong>Length 5.02 mm to 5.41 mm, width 2.22 mm to 2.37 mm in an accession from???? West Azerbaijan, with 1000 seed\/fruit weight 3.9 g, which was collected and identified in 2016 by Valiullah Mozaffarian is stored in the Natural Resources Gene Bank of Iran with the accession number 45934.<\/p>\n

Average 1000 seed\/fruit weight: <\/strong>3.9 g<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Biological<\/strong> features<\/strong><\/p>\n

Life form: <\/strong>Herbaseous, perennial, spiny, usually glabrous or sometimes pubescent. Stems erect, up to 60 cm long<\/p>\n

Inflorescence, flower type, and pollination mechanism:<\/strong> Solitary capitate, capitulum discoid, with 45 to 160 florets, 20 to 32 mm long, color dirty yellow, white or dirty pale violet; involucre cup-shaped, length 25 to 40 mm, diameter 20 to 40 mm, involucral bracts multiseriate. \u200cPlant monoecious, \u200ccross-pollinated. Pollination is carried out by insects and wind.<\/p>\n

Time<\/strong> of<\/strong> flowering:<\/strong> Late spring to mid-summer<\/p>\n

Time of seed ripening:<\/strong> Summer<\/p>\n

Seed dispersal methods:<\/strong> Seed weight<\/p>\n

Geographical distribution<\/strong>:<\/strong> Exclusive to southeast Turky and northwest Iran. Typus from Khoy, Azarbaijan, Iran<\/p>\n

Distribution in Iran:<\/strong> Northwest. Mostly in Provinces Azerbaijan<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Taxonomy<\/strong><\/p>\n

Family: <\/strong>Asteraceae<\/p>\n

Genus: <\/strong>Cousinia<\/em><\/p>\n

Species:<\/strong> C. silvanica<\/em><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

R<\/strong>eferences and Links<\/strong><\/p>\n

Assadi, M., Mehregan, I. 2017. Flora of Iran, No. 125: \u200cAsteraceae, Cousinia. Institute of Forests and Rangelands Press, Tehran, Iran, 396 pp.<\/p>\n

Black, M. and Bewley, J.D. 2000. Seed technology and its biological basis. Sheffield Academic Press, 1-419 pp.<\/p>\n

Boj\u0148ansk\u00fd, V. and Farga\u0161ov\u00e1, A. 2007. Atlas of seeds and fruits of central and East-European flora: the Carpathian Mountains region. Springer, Dordrecht, The Netherlands, 1046 pp.<\/p>\n

Ghahraman, A. Flore of Iran. Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands with University of Tehran Publication. https:\/\/floraofiran.net\/index.php.<\/p>\n

Mozaffarian, V.A. 1998. Dictionary of Iranian plants names. Farhange Moaser Publisher, Tehran, 671 pp.<\/p>\n

Mozaffarian, V.A. 2012. A Pictorial dictionary of botany. Farhange Moaser Publisher, Tehran, 1088 pp.<\/p>\n

Sharma, O.P. 2009. Plant taxonomy 2E. Tata McGraw-Hill Education, New Delhi<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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