{"id":5967,"date":"2025-11-01T14:59:23","date_gmt":"2025-11-01T11:29:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/eseed.rifr-ac.ir\/en\/?p=5967"},"modified":"2025-11-01T15:06:30","modified_gmt":"2025-11-01T11:36:30","slug":"ferula-macrocolea-boiss","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/eseed.rifr-ac.ir\/en\/?p=5967","title":{"rendered":"Ferula macrocolea Boiss."},"content":{"rendered":"

Ferula macrocolea<\/em> Boiss.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Parvin Salehi Shanjani, Mohammad Reza Pahlavani and Hossein Maroufi<\/strong><\/p>\n

Natural Resources Gene Bank, Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Tehran, Iran.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Uploaded at october 2025<\/strong><\/p>\n

Scientific editor: Masoumeh Izadpanah<\/strong><\/p>\n

Seed Storage <\/strong><\/p>\n

The storage behavior of this species is orthodox (desiccation-tolerant seeds), dry to 15-20% eRH, and store at -20\u00b0C.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n

Germination requirements<\/strong><\/p>\n

The seeds of this species are dormant. Sterilize seeds before placing them on wet germination paper. Place seeds for two weeks to two months\u200c at 4 \u00baC to germinate uniformly. Then germinate under an alternating temperatures of 20 \u00baC (16 hours of light) and 15 \u00baC (8 hours of darkness).<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Morphology<\/strong><\/p>\n

Fruit type:<\/strong> Schizocarp (schizocarp is an indehiscent dry fruit that consists of two not compressed or compressed lateraly\/dorsally carpels called mericarp)<\/p>\n

Fruit shape: <\/strong>Mericarps ellipsoid, homomorphic, compressed dorsally, dorsal side flat, with five ribs, side ribs with wide wings, ventral side flat, with a central rib, with distinct sap canals on both side, apex with a depressed stylopodium. \u00a0Surface glabrous, dull, brown, ribs and wings cream-colored<\/p>\n

Fruit size: <\/strong>Length 16.7 to 58.10 mm, width 35.3 to 40.6 mm in a seed sample from Sanandaj, Kurdistan, with a thousand-seed weight of 14.99 g, which was collected and identified by Hossein Maroufi in 2018 and is stored in the Natural Resources Gene Bank with accession number 47525.<\/p>\n

1000 seed\/fruit weight: <\/strong>11 to 22 g<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Biological features<\/strong><\/p>\n

Life form:<\/strong> Perennial, herbaceous, monocarpic, glabrous. Stem erect, 70 to 120 cm long, grooved<\/p>\n

Inflorescence, flower type, and pollination mechanism:<\/strong> Inflorescence compound umbels clustered in a loose panicle; fruiting umbels with 5 to 8 rays, 2 to 4 cm long, umbellule with 5 to 10 tiny flowers, flowers yellow. \u200cPlant monoecious, \u200ccross-pollinated. Pollination is carried out by insects and wind. \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

Time of flowering:<\/strong> Mid-spring to early summer<\/p>\n

Time of seed ripening:<\/strong> Mid-spring to early summer<\/p>\n

Seed dispersal methods:<\/strong> Wind and seed weight<\/p>\n

Geographical distribution: <\/strong>Exclusive to Iran. Typus from Mountain Dalam<\/p>\n

Distribution in Iran: <\/strong>West. Mostly in Kermanshah, Hamadan, Lorestan provinces.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Taxonomy<\/strong><\/p>\n

Family:<\/strong> Apiaceae<\/p>\n

Genus:<\/strong> Ferula <\/em><\/p>\n

Species:<\/strong> F<\/em>. macrocolea<\/em><\/p>\n

Persian name<\/strong>: <\/strong>koma-e mortafa\u00a0 <\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

References and Links <\/strong><\/p>\n

Black, M. and Bewley, J.D. 2000. Seed technology and its biological basis. Sheffield Academic Press, 419 pp.<\/p>\n

Boj\u0148ansk\u00fd, V. and Farga\u0161ov\u00e1, A. 2007. Atlas of seeds and fruits of central and East-European flora: the Carpathian Mountains region. Springer, Dordrecht, The Netherlands, 1046 pp.<\/p>\n

Ghahraman, A. Flore of Iran. Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands with University of Tehran Publication. https:\/\/floraofiran.net\/index.php.<\/p>\n

Mozaffarian, V.A. 1998. Dictionary of Iranian plants names. Farhange Moaser Publisher, Tehran, 671 pp.<\/p>\n

Mozaffarian, V.A. 2012. A Pictorial dictionary of botany. Farhange Moaser Publisher, Tehran, 1088 pp.<\/p>\n

Mozaffarian V. 2008. Flora of Iran, Umbelliferae. Institute of Forests and Rangelands Press, Tehran, Iran, Publication No. 54, 592 pp.<\/p>\n

Sharma, O.P. 2009. Plant taxonomy 2E. Tata McGraw-Hill Education, New Delhi, 563 pp.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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