Author: navidcod 
Achillea wilhelmsii L.
Mohammad Ali Alizadeh, Parvin Salehi Shanjani and Leila Falah Hoseini
Natural Resources Gene Bank, Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Tehran, Iran.
Uploaded at May 2021
Scientific editors: Valiollah Mozaffarian and Masoumeh Izadpanah
Seed Storage
The storage behavior of this species is orthodox (desiccation-tolerant seeds); dry to 15-20% eRH and store at -20°C.
Germination requirements
The seeds of this species have non-deep dormancy. Sterilize seeds before placing them on wet germination paper. Place seeds 14 days in 4ºC for breaking dormancy. Then germinate under an alternating temperature regime of 15/20 ºC (the higher temperature for 16 hours in light and the lower one for eight hours in dark).
Morphology
Fruit type: Achene
Fruit shape: obovate, dorsal side convex, ventral slightly convex or flattish, apex truncate with rest of the style or without it, whitish border. Surface with fine longitudinal furrows, slightly lustrous, dark gray.
Fruit size: Length: 1 to 2 mm, width: 0.5 to1 mm in an accession from Oshnavieh West Azarbyjan with 1000 seed weight 0.3 g, which was collected in 2003 and by Heidari, and the cultivated sample was identified by Vlieollah Mozaffarian with accession number 14162.
1000 seed weight: 0.3 g
Biological features
Life form: Herbaceous perennial
Inflorescences, flower type, and pollination mechanisms: Inflorescences capitates, with a corymbose arrangement. Ray flowers (3 to 5) female, ligulate, white; and disc flowers hermaphrodite, tubular, 2 to 2.5 mm long. Plant monoecious, cross-pollinate, in failure of cross-pollination, self-pollination may take place. Pollination is carried out by insects and wind.
Time of flowering: Early spring till the middle of summer
Time of seed ripening: Summer
Seed dispersal methods: The agent of seed distribution is seed weight.
Geographical distribution: Turkey, Iran, Caucasus, Iraq, central Asia, Afghanistan, Pakistan, and Syria. Typus from the Caucasus.
Geographical distribution in Iran: North, North West, South and East. Golestan, Mazandaran, Azerbaijan, Kurdistan, Ilam, Lorestan, Esfahan, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari, Fars, Kerman, Bushehr, Khuzestan, Hormozgan, Baluchistan, Khorasan, and Tehran.
Taxonomy
Family: Compositae
Genus: Achillea
Species: wilhelmsii
Persian name: Bumadaran
Common name: Yarrow
References
Black, M. and Bewley, J.D. 2000. Seed technology and its biological basis. Sheffield Academic Press, Pp 1-419.
Bojňanský, V. and Fargašová, A. 2007. Atlas of seeds and fruits of central and East-European flora: the Carpathian Mountains region. Springer, Dordrecht, the Netherlands, 1046 pp.
Ghahraman, A. Flore of Iran. Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands with the university of Tehran publication. https://floraofiran.net/index.php.
Mozaffarian, V. 2012. A Pictorial Dictionary of Botany. Farhang Moaser publisher, 1088 pp.
Mozaffarian, V. 2008. Flora of Iran, Asteraceae (Compositae): Tribes Anthemideae and Echinopeae. Institute of Forests and Rangelands Press, First edition, 59: 21-22.
Mozaffarian, V.A. 1998. Dictionary of Iranian Plants Names. Moaser Publisher, Tehran Farhang, 671 pp.
Sharma, O.P. 2009. Plant taxonomy 2E. Tata McGraw-Hill Education, New Delhi, 563 pp.
