Author: navidcod 
Medicago rugosa
Masoumeh Izadpanah, Parvin Salehi Shanjani and Leila Falah Hoseini
Natural Resources Gene Bank, Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Tehran, Iran.
Uploaded at August 2021
Scientific editor: Valiullah Mozaffarian
Seed Storage
The storage behavior of this species is orthodox (desiccation-tolerant seeds); dry to 15-20% eRH and store at -20 °C.
Germination requirements
The seeds of this species are not dormant. Sterilize seeds before placing them on wet germination paper. Place seeds for two weeks in 4 ºC to germinate uniformly. Then germinate under an alternating temperature regime of 15/20 ºC (the higher temperature for 16 hours in light and the lower one for eight hours in dark).
Morphology
Fruit type: Pod
Fruit shape: Pale yellow to light brown, glabrate, discoid to short-cylindrical, spineless; number of coils 2.5-5, not tightly appressed, turning clockwise; on coil surface 8-18 slightly curved, radial veins, anastomosing soon after leaving the center, thickening closer to the edge and as 20-24 ribs joining obliquely the elevated dorsal suture.
Seed shape: Kidney-shaped but often flattened along edge adjacent to radicle, 1-3 seeds in a pod, not separated; seed coat smooth, light yellow to brownish-yellow; radicle distinctly shorter than half of the seed, extending like a rounded hook from the main body, forming an angle about 45 degrees with cotyledons like M. scutellata.
Fruit size: Diameter: 5-10 mm
Seed size: Length: 3-4.5 mm, maximum width: 1.9-2 mm, thickness: 0.5-0.8 mm in an accession from Gorgan, Golestan with 1000 seed weight 7.7 g, which was collected in 1998 by Hossein Ghorbani and the cultivated sample was identified by Masumeh Izadpanah and Iraj Mehregan with accession number 2723.
1000 seed weight: 5-14 g
Biological features
Life Form: Herbaceous, annual, prostrate to decumbent
Inflorescences and flower type and pollination mechanisms: Flowers in axillary pedunculate racemes, hermaphrodite, zygomorphic and asymmetric; corolla (composed of banner: upper large petal, wings: two petals adjacent to the banner, and Keel: two bottom petals) yellow, wings slightly shorter than the keel; stamens are always ten in number, and their filaments are fused in a group of nine stamens plus one separate stamen (9+1). Plant monoecious, self-pollinate with 10% cross-pollination, which is carried out by insects.
Time of flowering: March-May
Time of seed ripening:
Seed dispersal methods: The seeds are displaced by weight. Pods move by attaching to the wool and hair of animals.
Geographical distribution: Typus according to Flora Iranica: Lam., Encyl. Meth. Bot. 3: 632 (1792).
Distribution in Iran: Khuzestan.
Taxonomy
Family: Papilionaceae
Genus: Medicago
Species: rugosa
Common name: Gama medic
References and Links
Ghahraman, A. Flore of Iran. Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands with University of Tehran Publication. https://floraofiran.net/index.php.
Lesins, K.A. and Lesins, I. 1979. Genus Medicago (Leguminosae): a taxogenetic study. The Hague, Boston, London: Dr W. Junk Publisher, 234 pp.
Small, E. and Brookes, B. 1990. Circumscription of the genus Medicago (Leguminosae) by seed characters. Can. J. Bot. 68: 613-629.
Small, E. and Jomphe, M. 1988. A synopsis of the genus Medicago (Leguminosae). Canadian Journal of Botany, 67: 3260-3294.
Mehregan, I., Rahiminejad, M.R. and Azizian, D. 2002. A taxonomic revision of the genus Medicago L. (Papilionaceae) in Iran. Iranian Journal of Botany, 9: 207-221(In Persian).
Mozaffarian, V. 2012. A Pictorial Dictionary of Botany. Farhange Moaser Publisher, 1088 pp.
Rechinger, K.H. 1984. Flora Iranica 157. Akadmische Druch. U. Verlagsanstalt. Graz.
