Author: navidcod 
Hordeum vulgare L.
Hamideh Javadi, Parvin Salehi Shanjani, Behnam Hamzeh’ee and Seyed Esmael Seyedian
Natural Resources Gene Bank, Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Tehran, Iran.
Uploaded at June 2022
Scientific editor: Masoumeh Izadpanah
Seed Storage
Storage behavior of this species is orthodox (desiccation-tolerant seeds); dry to 15-20% eRH and store at -20°C.
Germination requirements
Seeds do not have physiological and physical dormancy and are easily able to germinate. Place seeds between-paper in 5-10 Cº for 5 days to germinate uniformly. Then germinate at constant temperature of 20 Cº and 8/16 hr. photoperiod.
Morphology
Fruit type: Caryopses
Fruit/seed shape: Connected with lemma
Fruit/seed size: length 7.12 to 8.41 mm, width 3.52 to 3.61 mm in an accession with 1000 fruit/seeds weight 5.1 g. The cultivated sample was identified by Behnam Hamzeh’ee with accession number 20402 (Foreign seed).
Average 1000 fruit/seed weight: –
Biological features
Life form: Annual herb, with culms up to 90 cm tall, smooth and glabrous. Leaf-blades green, linear-acuminate, glabrous, up to 45 cm long
Inflorescences, flower type and pollination mechanism: Spike excluding the awns, 6-10 cm long, 1.5-2 cm broad, square or hexagonal in section, yellow-green then yellowish, spikelets all fertile, glumes linear-lanceolate with a fine scabrid awn, lemmas broadly ovate-lanceolate, strongly 5-nerved, armed with a powerful awn up to 15 cm. long and 1 cm. broad at the base. Florets narrow rhom. Pollination is carried out by wind (anemophily).
Time of flowering: May
Time of seed ripening: May to June
Seed dispersal methods: Wind and livestock
Geographical distribution: Around the world. Mostly in Iraq, Iran, Turkmenistan and Afghanistan. Typus unknown
Distribution in Iran: Cultivated throughout Iran.
Taxonomy
Family: Gramineae
Genus: Hordeum
Species: vulgare
Common name: Barley
References and Links
Mozaffarian, V. 2006. A Dictionary of Iranian plant names. Latin-English-Persian. Farhang Moaser Publishers, 671 pp.
http://floranorthamerica.org/Hordeum
Rechinger, K.H. 1970. Flora Iranica. Akademische Druck- und Verlagsanstalt Graz Publishers, No.70, P. 242.
Javadi, H. 2021. Seed: Processing and Quality tests. Agricultural Education & Extension Publishers, 175 pp.
Vít Bojnanský and Agáta Fargašová, 2007. Atlas of Seeds and Fruits of Central and East-European flora. Published by Springer, P.O. Box 17, 3300 AA Dordrecht, The Netherlands. P. 889.
Townsend, C.C., Guest, E. and Al-Rawi, A. 1968. Flora of Iraq. Gramineae, vol. 9: 244 pp. Published by the Ministry of Agriculture of the Republic of Iraq.
Kamal M. Ibrahim and Paul M. Peterson, 2014. Grasses of Washington, D.C. Published by Smithsonian Institution Scholarly Press. 130 pp.
