Author: آمنه غلامی 
Alyssum dasycarpum L.
Mohammad Ali Alizadeh, Masoumeh Ramezani Yeganeh, Mohammad Reza Pahlevani, Valiollah Mozaffarian and Saeedeh Mirzadeh Waqfi
Natural Resources Gene Bank, Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Tehran, Iran.
Uploaded at October 2023
Scientific editor: Masoumeh Izadpanah and Parvin Salehi Shanjani
Seed Storage: The storage behavior of this species is orthodox (desiccation-tolerant seeds), dry to 8-10 % eRH, and store at -18 °C.
Germination requirements
The seeds of this species have non-deep dormancy. Sterilize seeds before placing them on wet germination paper. Place seeds at 4 ºC for two weeks to germinate uniformly, then germinate under an alternating temperature regime of 15-20 ºC (the higher temperature for 16 hours of light and the lower one for eight hours of dark).
Morphology
Fruit type: Silicule
Fruit shape: Orbicular, circular, truncate, a little swallowed unevenly on different sides, with stellar hairs, 4-seeded
Fruit size: Diameter 3-4 mm
Seed shape: Ovate, surrounded with or without a thin wing, brown
Seed size: Length 1-1.5 mm, width 1-1.5 mm in an accession from Khalkhal, Ardabil with 1000 seed weight 1 g, which was collected in 2002, and the cultivated sample was identified by Valiollah Mozafarian and Saideh Sadat Mirzadeh Vaghefi with accession number 8380.
Average 1000 seed weight: 0.9-1.5 g
Biological features
Life Form: Herbaceous, annual, height 9-20 cm, branched, stem erect to ascending
Inflorescence, flower type, and pollination mechanism: Inflorescences raceme, flowers bisexual, sepals ovate, 2 to 3 mm long and 0.7-1.5 mm wide, petals dumbbell-shaped, 3-4 mm long and 0.5-1 mm wide, color yellow. Plant monoecious, cross-pollinated. Pollination is carried out by both wind (anemophily) and insects (entomophily).
Time of flowering: Early spring to mid-May
Time of seed ripening: Early summer
Seed dispersal methods: Natural agents (wind, insects, birds and animals)
Geographical distribution: Turkey, Europe, Iran, Central Asia, Caucasus, Siberia, Afghanistan, Pakistan, Iraq, Syria and Palestine. Typus from Siberia
Distribution in Iran: North, Northwest, West, central, Northeast and East, In the provinces of Golestan, Azerbaijan, Hamedan, Isfahan, Fars, Kerman, Khorasan, Semnan, Markazi, Tehran and Alborz
Taxonomy
Family: Brassicaceae
Genus: Alyssum
Species: A. dasycarpum
Persian name: Qudomeh
References
Assadi, M., Sajedi, S., Fakhr Ranjberi, H., Mirzadeh Vaghefi, S., Moazzeni, H., Khodashenas, M., Khosravi, A.R., Hatami, A., Mehrnia, M., Kaffash, S., Heidarnia, N., Sheidai, M., Heidari Rikan, M., Kavousi, K., Sonboli, A., Veiskarami G. and Aminian, F. 2017. Flora of Iran, No. 143: Brassicaceae. Research Institute for Forests and Rangelands Press Iran, Tehran, 956 P. (In Farsi)
Black, M. and Bewley, J.D. 2000. Seed technology and its biological basis. Sheffield Academic Press, 1-419 P.
Bojňanský, V. and Fargašová, A. 2007. Atlas of seeds and fruits of central and East-European flora: the Carpathian Mountains region. Springer, Dordrecht, The Netherlands, 1046 P.
Ghahraman, A. Flore of Iran. Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands with University of Tehran Publication. https://floraofiran.net/index.php.
Mozaffarian, V.A. 2012. A Pictorial dictionary of botany. Farhange Moaser Publisher, Tehran, 1088 P.
Mozaffarian, V.A. 1998. Dictionary of Iranian plants names. Farhange Moaser Publisher, Tehran, 671 P.
Sharma, O.P. 2009. Plant taxonomy 2E. Tata McGraw-Hill Education, New Delhi, 563 P.
