Author: آمنه غلامی 
Amberboa sosnovskyi Iljin
Parvin Salehi Shanjani, Leila Rasoulzadeh and Mohammad Mahmoodi
Natural Resources Gene Bank, Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Tehran, Iran.
Uploaded at December 2023
Scientific editor: Hamideh Javadi
This Seed ID was supported by the Headquarters of Science and Technology of Medicinal Plants and Traditional Medicine
Seed Storage
The storage behavior of this species is orthodox (desiccation-tolerant seeds), dry to 15-20% eRH, and store at -20°C.
Germination requirements
The seeds of this species are not dormant. Sterilize seeds before placing them on wet germination paper. Place seeds for two weeks at 4 ºC to germinate uniformly. Then germinate under an alternating temperature regime of 15/20 ºC (the higher temperature for 16 hours in light and the lower one for eight hours in dark).
Morphology
Fruit type: Achene
Fruit shape: Prolonged cylindrical-oblong, weakly compressed laterally, hilum lateral, surrounded by a light-colored annular ridge, apex truncate; pappus persistent, goldish, plumose, as long as or shorter than achene. Surface longitudinal ribbed and Furrowed, densely appressed hairy, dull, blackish
Fruit size: Length 4.65 to 5.47 mm, width 1.45 to 1.89 mm in an accession from Zanjan, with 1000 seed/fruit weight 6.75 g, which was collected and identified in 2016 by Mohammad Mahmoodi, and is stored in the Natural Resources Gene Bank of Iran with the accession number 46149.
1000 seed/fruit weight: 6.75 g
Biological features
Life form: Herbaceous, annual or biennial. Stem erect, 20 to 70 cm in height
Inflorescence, flower type, and pollination mechanism: Inflorescences solitary capitate, capitulum discoid; florets red-purple; outer florets sterile, uniseriate, corollas larger, ray like; inner florets, fertile, multiseriate, corollas smaller, actinomorphic; involucre ovoid. Plant monoecious, cross-pollinated. Pollination is carried out by insects and wind.
Time of flowering: Spring
Time of fruit/seed ripening: Spring
Fruit/ seed dispersal methods: The agent of seed distribution is seed weight.
Geographical distribution: Caucasus and the Iran. Typus from Nakhchivan
Distribution in Iran: North, Northwest and Center. Mostly in provinces Gilan, Azerbaijan and Zanjan
Taxonomy
Family: Asteraceae
Genus: Amberboa
Species: A. sosnovskyi
Persian name: Kahrobaee-e Gachdust
References and Links
Black, M. and Bewley, J.D. 2000. Seed technology and its biological basis. Sheffield Academic Press, 1-419 pp.
Bojňanský, V. and Fargašová, A. 2007. Atlas of seeds and fruits of central and East-European flora: the Carpathian Mountains region. Springer, Dordrecht, The Netherlands, 1046 pp.
Ghahraman, A. Flore of Iran. Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands with University of Tehran Publication. https://floraofiran.net/index.php.
Mozaffarian, V.A. 1998. Dictionary of Iranian plants names. Farhange Moaser Publisher, Tehran, 671 pp.
Mozaffarian, V.A. 2012. A Pictorial dictionary of botany. Farhange Moaser Publisher, Tehran, 1088 pp.
Mozaffarian, V., Ghahremaninejad, F., Narimisa, S., Kazempour-Osaloo, Sh., Jafari, E., Lotfi, E. Assadi, M. 2018. Flora of Iran, Asteraceae. Institute of Forests and Rangelands Press, Tehran, Iran, Publication No. 144, 1023 pp.
Sharma, O.P. 2009. Plant taxonomy 2E. Tata McGraw-Hill Education, New Delhi, 563 pp.
Ranjbar, M. and Negaresh, K. 2013. A contribution to the genus Amberboa (Asteraceae, Cardueae, Centaureinae) from Iran. Willdenowia 43: 271–277.
