Author: navidcod 
Astragalus dactylocarpus Boiss.
Hamideh Javadi and Parvin Salehi Shanjani
Natural Resources Gene Bank, Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Tehran, Iran.
Uploaded at August 2021
Scientific editors: Valiollah Mozaffarian and Masoumeh Izadpanah
Seed Storage
The storage behavior of this species is orthodox (desiccation-tolerant seeds); dry to 15-20% eRH and store at -20 °C.
Germination requirements
The seeds have physical-physiological dormancy and this is related to seed coat and inhibitors. To remove the seed coat, different methods of scarification can be used (sandpaper, sulfuric acid, hot water, etc.). To break dormancy, stratification with pre-chilling (for 14 days), ultrasonic waves, and hormones (Gibberellic acid 100 ppm) are efficient. The best method for breaking dormancy is rubbing the seeds with sandpaper and moist chilling (14 days at 4 °C). Then germinate under a constant temperature of 20 ºC or alternating temperature 25 ºC (16 hours of light) and 15 ºC (8 hours of dark).
Morphology
Fruit: Legume oval or elliptic, spiny, beaky, beak sharp, and stinging.
Fruit size: Length: 30-90 mm, width: 12-15 mm.
Seed: Quadrangular, rectangular or reniform, hilum rounded, surface glabrous or tuberculate, yellowish-brown without brown spots.
Seed size: Length: 4-5.3 mm, width: 2.9-4.1 mm, thickness: 1.6-2.0 mm in an accession from Harat, Yazd with 1000 seeds weight 7.1 g, which was collected in 1997 and the cultivated sample was identified S. Reza Safavi with voucher number 105648.
1000 seed weight: 7-8.6 g.
Biological features
Life Form: Perennial, herbaceous, woody.
Inflorescence flower type and pollination mechanism: Inflorescence raceme with 3-7 flowers. Flowers hermaphrodite, 5-merous, zygomorphic, calyx tubular, with white and dispersed hairs, corolla yellowish, glabrous. Plant monoecious, cross-pollinate. Pollination is carried out by insects and wind.
Time of flowering: June to July
Time of seed ripening: June to July
Seed dispersal methods: The seeds are displaced by weight.
Geographical distribution: Turkey, Iran, Syria, and Iraq. Typus from Mezopotami.
Distribution in Iran: North East, East, and Center. Esfahan, Khorasan and Tehran.
Taxonomy
Family: Fabaceae
Genus: Astragalus
Species: dactylocarpus
Common name: Locoweed
References and Links
Asri, Y. 2012. Range Plants of Iran, Vol. 2: Dicotyledons. Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands Publication, 530 pp.
Baskin, C.C. and Baskin, J.M.1998. Seeds: Ecology, Biogeography, Evolution of Dormancy and Germination. Academic Press, San Diego.
Bewley, J.D. 1997. Seed germination and dormancy. The plant cell, 9: 1055-1066.
Bakhshandeh Faraj-pur, A. 2014. Investigating the possibility of increasing the germination of several species (Astragalus) using various methods of dormancy in order to multiply massive and regenerate rangelands. Master’s thesis, University of Kashan, Faculty of Engineering.
Kožuharova, E. and Firmage, D. 2007. On The Pollination Ecology of Astragalus alopecurus Pallas (Fabaceae) in Bulgaria. Tome, 60(8): 863-870.
Kožuharova, E., Tzvetanova, V. and Firmage, D. 2010. Seed germination and seedling development of two rare Astragalus species (Fabaceae). Phytologia Balcanica, 16 (1): 51-56.
Maassoumi, A.A. 2017. Flora of Iran, No.43: (Papilionaceae: Astragalus I). Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands Publication, p. 38.
Nasiri, M. 1994. Factor affecting dormancy, germination and seed development Agricultural Research and Education Organization press, pp. 63
Stout, D. 1998. Rapid and synchoronusgermination ofCicer milkvetchseed following diurnal temperature priming. Crop Sci., 181: 263-266.
Mozaffarian, V. 2012. A Pictorial Dictionary of Botany. Farhange Moaser publisher, 1088 pp.
