Anthemis tinctoria L.

Mohammad Ali Alizadeh, Parvin Salehi Shanjani and Leila Falah Hoseini

Natural Resources Gene Bank, Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Tehran, Iran.

Uploaded at August 2021

Scientific editors: Valiollah Mozaffarian and Masoumeh Izadpanah

Seed Storage

The storage behavior of this species is orthodox (desiccation-tolerant seeds); dry to 15-20% eRH and store at -20 °C.

Germination requirements

The seeds of this species have non-deep dormancy. Sterilize seeds before placing them on wet germination paper. Place seeds 14 days in 4ºC for breaking dormancy. Then germinate under an alternating temperature regime of 15/20 ºC (the higher temperature for 16 hours in light and the lower one for eight hours in dark).

Morphology

Fruit type: Achene,

Fruit shape: Prismatic, 4-angular, apex truncate, crenate. Surface longitudinally furrowed, glabrous, slightly lustrous, pale purplish-brown.

Fruit size: Length: 2 to 2.5 mm, width: 1mm in an accession from Baneh, Kordestan with 1000 seed weight 0.37 g, which was collected in 2002 by Hoshidari, and the cultivated sample was identified by S. Reza Safavi and Vlieollah Mozaffarian with accession number 9787.

1000 seed weight: 0.3 g

Biological features

Life Form: Herbaceous, perennial

Inflorescences, flower type, and pollination mechanisms: Inflorescences capitate, with a spherical receptacle. Ray flowers female, fertile, ligulate, ligule yellow, sometimes white; disc flowers hermaphrodite, tubular, 3-4 mm long. Plant monoecious, cross-pollinate, in the failure of cross-pollination, self-pollination may take place. Pollination is carried out by insects and wind.

Time of flowering: Late spring to early summer

Time of seed ripening: Late of Jun

Seed dispersal methods: The agent of seed distribution is seed weight.

Geographical distribution: Europe, Turkey, Caucasus, and Syria. Typus from Europe.

Geographical distribution in Iran: North, West, North, West, and center. Mazandaran, Gilan, Azerbaijan, Kordestan, and Semnan.

Taxonomy

Family: Compositae

Genus: Anthemis

Species: tinctoria

Persian name: Babunehe zard

References

Black, M. and Bewley, J.D. 2000. Seed technology and its biological basis. Sheffield Academic Press, Pp 1-419.

Bojňanský, V. and Fargašová, A. 2007. Atlas of seeds and fruits of central and East-European flora: the Carpathian Mountains region. Springer, Dordrecht, the Netherlands, 1046 pp.

Ghahraman, A. Flore of Iran. Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands with the university of Tehran publication. https://floraofiran.net/index.php.

Mozaffarian, V. 2012. A Pictorial Dictionary of Botany. Farhang Moaser publisher, 1088 pp.

Mozaffarian, V. 2008. Flora of Iran, Asteraceae (Compositae): Tribes Anthemideae and Echinopeae. Institute of Forests and Rangelands Press, First edition, 59: 21-22.

Mozaffarian, V.A. 1998. Dictionary of Iranian Plants Names. Moaser Publisher, Tehran Farhang, 671 pp.

Sharma, O.P. 2009. Plant taxonomy 2E. Tata McGraw-Hill Education, New Delhi, 563 pp.