Author: navidcod 
Tanacetum polycephalum Schultz-Bip.
Mohammad Ali Alizadeh, Parvin Salehi Shanjani and Leila Falah Hoseini
Natural Resources Gene Bank, Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Tehran, Iran.
Uploaded at August 2021
Scientific editors: Valiollah Mozaffarian and Masoumeh Izadpanah
Seed Storage
Storage behavior of this species is orthodox (desiccation tolerant seeds); dry to 15-20% eRH and store at -20 °C.
Germination requirements
The seeds of this species have non-deep dormancy. Sterilize seeds before placing them on wet germination paper. Place seeds 14 days in 4ºC for breaking dormancy. Then germinate under alternating temperature regime of 15/20 ºC (the higher temperature for 16 hours in light and the lower one for eight hours in dark).
Morphology
Fruit type: Achene
Fruit shape: Obpyramidal Semicuneiform, apex with short collar and corona, gradually narrowed toward base, truncate, surface longitudinally furrowed, glabrous, glossy in furrows, light brown.
Fruit size: Length 2 to 3 mm, width 0.5 to 1 mm in an accession from Sanandaj Kurdistan with 1000 seed weight 0.3 g, which was collected in 2003 by Hoshidary and the cultivated sample was identified by S. Reza Safavi and Vlieollah Mozaffarian with accession number 14294.
1000 seed weight: 0.3 g
Biological features
Life Form: Herbaceous, Perennial
Inflorescences, flower type and pollination mechanisms: Capitates arranged in corymbose inflorescence, receptacle flat. Ray flowers female, corolla spatulate, yellow; central flowers hermaphrodite, tubular, five-toothed in apex. Plant monoecious, cross pollinate, in failure of cross pollination, self-pollination may take place. Pollination is carried out by insects and wind.
Time of flowering: End of spring till early summer
Time of seed ripening: Summer
Seed dispersal methods: The agent of seed distribution is seed weight.
Geographical distribution: Turkey, Iran, Iraq. Typus from Monition of Goreh, Iraq.
Geographical distribution in Iran: West, center and South West. Azerbaijan, Kurdistan, Kermanshah, Hamadan, Ilam, Lorestan, Esfahan, Yazd, Shahre Kurd, Fars and Markazi.
Taxonomy
Family: Compositae
Genus: Tanacetum
Species: polycephalum
Persian name: Babuneh or minaye portarakom
References
Black, M. and Bewley, J.D. 2000. Seed technology and its biological basis. Sheffield Academic Press, Pp 1-419.
Bojňanský, V. and Fargašová, A. 2007. Atlas of seeds and fruits of central and East-European flora: the Carpathian Mountains region. Springer, Dordrecht, the Netherlands, 1046 pp.
Ghahraman, A. Flore of Iran. Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands with university of Tehran puplication. https://floraofiran.net/index.php.
Mozaffarian, V. 2012. A Pictorial Dictionary of Botany. Farhange Moaser publisher, 1088 pp.
Mozaffarian, V. 2008. Flora of Iran, Asteraceae (Compositae): Tribes Anthemideae and Echinopeae. Institute of Forests and Rangelands Press, First edition, 59: 21-22.
Mozaffarian, V.A. 1998. Dictionary of Iranian Plants Names. Moaser Publisher, Tehran Farhang, 671 pp.
Sharma, O.P. 2009. Plant taxonomy 2E. Tata McGraw-Hill Education, New Delhi, 563 pp.
