Author: آمنه غلامی 
Alyssum marginatum L.
Mohammad Ali Alizadeh, Masoumeh Ramezani Yeganeh, Mohammad Reza Pahlevani, Valiollah Mozaffarian and Saeedeh Mirzadeh Waqfi
Natural Resources Gene Bank, Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Tehran, Iran.
Uploaded at October 2023
Scientific editor: Masoumeh Izadpanah and Parvin Salehi Shanjani
Seed Storage: The storage behavior of this species is orthodox (desiccation-tolerant seeds), dry to 8-10 % eRH, and store at -18 °C.
Germination requirements
The seeds of this species have non-deep dormancy. Sterilize seeds before placing them on wet germination paper. Place seeds at 4 ºC for two weeks to germinate uniformly, then germinate under an alternating temperature regime of 15-20 ºC (the higher temperature for 16 hours of light and the lower one for eight hours of dark).
Morphology
Fruit type: Silicule
Fruit shape: Orbicular, convex on one side and flattish on another, a little sunken at the tip, with stellar scaly hairs, 4-seeded
Fruit size: Length 3.5-5 mm, width 2-4.5 mm
Seed shape: Ovate, surrounded with thin wing, brown
Seed size: Length 1.2-1.5 mm, width 1-1.5 mm in an accession from Khatam, Yazd, with 1000 seed weight 0.7 g, which was collected in 2005 by Arabzadeh, and the cultivated sample was identified by Valiollah Mozafarian and Saideh Sadat Mirzadeh Vaghefi with accession number 21013.
Average 1000 seed weight: 0.6-1.9 g
Biological features
Life Form: Herbaceous, annual, height 2.5-8 cm, with one or many branches, stem erect to ascending
Inflorescence, flower type, and pollination mechanism: Inflorescences raceme, flowers bisexual, sepals ovate-lanceolate, 1-1.5 mm long and 0.5-0.7 mm wide, petals dumbbell or oval shape, 1.2-2 mm long and 0.5 mm wide, color yellow. Plant monoecious, cross-pollinated. Pollination is carried out by both wind (anemophily) and insects (entomophily).
Time of flowering: Jan to April
Time of seed ripening: Late June
Seed dispersal methods: Natura agents (wind, insects, birds and animals)
Geographical distribution: Iran, Central Asia, Afghanistan, Pakistan, Iraq and Palestine. Typus from Isfahan and Saudi Arabia
Distribution in Iran: North, Northwest, West, Center, Northeast, East, South, and Southeast, in the provinces of Isfahan, Hormozgan, Kerman, Baluchistan, Khorasan, Semnan, Tehran, Qom and Markazi
Taxonomy
Family: Brassicaceae
Genus: Alyssum
Species: A. marginatum
Persian name: Qudomeh-e Pakotahi
References
Assadi, M., Sajedi, S., Fakhr Ranjberi, H., Mirzadeh Vaghefi, S., Moazzeni, H., Khodashenas, M., Khosravi, A.R., Hatami, A., Mehrnia, M., Kaffash, S., Heidarnia, N., Sheidai, M., Heidari Rikan, M., Kavousi, K., Sonboli, A., Veiskarami G. and Aminian, F. 2017. Flora of Iran, No. 143: Brassicaceae. Research Institute for Forests and Rangelands Press Iran, Tehran, 956 P. (In Farsi)
Black, M. and Bewley, J.D. 2000. Seed technology and its biological basis. Sheffield Academic Press, 1-419 P.
Bojňanský, V. and Fargašová, A. 2007. Atlas of seeds and fruits of central and East-European flora: the Carpathian Mountains region. Springer, Dordrecht, The Netherlands, 1046 P.
Ghahraman, A. Flore of Iran. Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands with University of Tehran Publication. https://floraofiran.net/index.php.
Mozaffarian, V.A. 2012. A Pictorial dictionary of botany. Farhange Moaser Publisher, Tehran, 1088 P.
Mozaffarian, V.A. 1998. Dictionary of Iranian plants names. Farhange Moaser Publisher, Tehran, 671 P.
Sharma, O.P. 2009. Plant taxonomy 2E. Tata McGraw-Hill Education, New Delhi, 563 P.
