Author: آمنه غلامی 
Vicia anatolica Turrill
Hamideh Javadi, Leila Falah Hoseini, Masoumeh Ramezani Yeganeh and Nastaran Jalilian
Natural Resources Gene Bank, Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Tehran, Iran.
Uploaded at September 2022
Scientific editor: Masoumeh Izadpanah and Parvin Salehi Shanjani
Seed Storage
The storage behavior of this species is orthodox (desiccation-tolerant seeds), dry to 15-20% eRH, and store at -20°C.
Germination requirements
The seeds of this species are not dormant. Sterilize seeds before placing them on wet germination paper. Place seeds for two weeks at 4 ºC to germinate uniformly. Then germinate under an alternating temperature regime of 15/20 ºC (the higher temperature for 16 hours in light and the lower one for eight hours in dark).
Morphology
Fruit type: Pod
Fruit shape: Oblong, with 2 mm stalk, flat at the dorsal and convex at the ventral side, with short (3 mm) beak at the end, covered with dense silkily appressed –hairs, 4 to 5 seeded, brown to green
Fruit size: Length 24 to 30 mm; width 7 to 8 mm
Seed shape: Spheric-elliptic, surface smooth, dark brown
Seed size: length 3.54 to 3.59 mm, width 3.26 to 3.59 mm in an accession from Khorramabad, Lorestan, with 1000 seeds weight 65 g, which was collected in 2007 by Darvishiyan and the cultivated sample was identified by Nastaran Jalilian with an accession number of 27960
Average 1000 seed weight: 25 to 65 g
Biological features
Life form: Annual herb, with short hairs, 14 to 40 cm height
Inflorescence, flower type, and pollination mechanism: Inflorescence raceme with or without short peduncle. Flowers solitary, yellow, located around the flower axis. Calyx campanulate with appressed thin and dense hairs. Flowers hermaphrodite and self-pollinating. Pollination is carried out by insects (entomophily).
Time of flowering: June
Time of seed ripening: June to July
Seed dispersal methods: Wind and domestic animals
Geographical distribution: Turkey, Iran, and the Caucasus. Typus from Turkey
Distribution in Iran: West. Mostly in Lorestan province
Taxonomy
Family: Papilionaceae
Genus: Vicia
Species: V. anatolica
Common name: Bitter vetch
Persian name: Mashak-e-Anatoly
References and Links
Chrtková-Žertová, A., Maesen, L.J.G. Van. Der. and Rechinger, K.H. 1979. Papilonaceae I – Vicieae. In: Rechinger, K.H. (ed.), Flora Iranica, 140. Graz.
Javadi, H. 2021. Seed: Processing and Quality tests. Agricultural Education & Extension Publishers, 175 pp.
Mozaffarian, V. 2006. A Dictionary of Iranian plant names. Latin-English-Persian. Farhang Moaser Publishers, 671 pp.
Mozaffarian, V. 2010. A pictorial dictionary of Botany (Botanical Taxonomy). Latin-English-French-German-Persian. Farhang Moaser Publishers, 1064 pp.
Pakravan, M., Jalilian, N. and Nemati, M. 2000. Flora of Iran. Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands Publication. No.33: Papilionaceae (Vicieae).p.78.
