Author: آمنه غلامی 
Vicia assyriaca Boiss.
Hamideh Javadi, Leila Falah Hoseini, Masoumeh Ramezani Yeganeh and Nastaran Jalilian
Natural Resources Gene Bank, Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Tehran, Iran.
Uploaded at September 2022
Scientific editor: Masoumeh Izadpanah and Parvin Salehi Shanjani
Seed Storage
The storage behavior of this species is orthodox (desiccation-tolerant seeds), dry to 15-20% eRH, and store at -20°C.
Germination requirements
The seeds of this species are not dormant. Sterilize seeds before placing them on wet germination paper. Place seeds for two weeks at 4 ºC to germinate uniformly. Then germinate under an alternating temperature regime of 15/20 ºC (the higher temperature for 16 hours in light and the lower one for eight hours in dark).
Morphology
Fruit type: pod
Fruit shape: Oblong, narrowed at the end with 2 mm long beak, at the base with 2.5 mm
stalk, without or with a few hairs, 5 seeded.
Fruit size: Length 5 to 9 mm; width 2 to 3 mm; height 2 to 3 mm
Seed shape: Lens-shaped, brown
Seed size: length 4.76 to 4.98 mm, width 3.85 to 3.94 mm in an accession from Kohkiloyeh ve Bouyerahmad with 1000 seeds weight 38 g, which was collected in 2009 by Mirinezhad and the cultivated sample was identified by Nastaran Jalilian with an accession number of 29804
Average 1000 seed weight: 35 to 48 g
Biological features
Life form: Annual herb, with scattered hairs, stem erect or prostrate, 15 to 30 cm height
Inflorescence, flower type, and pollination mechanism: Peduncle 3-5 mm long, with short own. Inflorescence 1-2 flowered. Flowers 20-25 mm long, corolla yellow. Calyx tubular-campanulate and curved, covered with thin and spread hairs. Flowers hermaphrodite and self-pollinating. Pollination is carried out by insects (entomophily).
Time of flowering: Early Spring
Time of seed ripening: Late Spring
Seed dispersal methods: Wind and domestic animals
Geographical distribution: Europe, Turkey, Iran, Syria, and Iraq. Typus from Turkey
Distribution in Iran: North-West and West, mostly in Azerbaijan, Kurdistan, and Kermanshah provinces
Taxonomy
Family: Papilionaceae
Genus: Vicia
Species: V. assyriaca
Common name: Bitter vetch
Persian name: Mashak-e-Asury
References and Links
Chrtková-Žertová, A., Maesen, L.J.G. Van. Der. and Rechinger, K.H. 1979. Papilonaceae I – Vicieae. In: Rechinger, K.H. (ed.), Flora Iranica, 140. Graz.
Javadi, H. 2021. Seed: Processing and Quality tests. Agricultural Education & Extension Publishers, 175 pp.
Mozaffarian, V. 2006. A Dictionary of Iranian plant names. Latin-English-Persian. Farhang Moaser Publishers, 671 pp.
Mozaffarian, V. 2010. A pictorial dictionary of Botany (Botanical Taxonomy). Latin-English-French-German-Persian. Farhang Moaser Publishers, 1064 pp.
Pakravan, M., Jalilian, N. and Nemati, M. 2000. Flora of Iran. Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands Publication. No.33: Papilionaceae (Vicieae).p.76.
