Author: آمنه غلامی 
Graellsia saxifragifolia (DC.) Boiss.
Masoumeh Izadpanah, Amene Gholami, Mohammad Mahmoodi and Yousef Ajani
Natural Resources Gene Bank, Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Tehran, Iran.
Uploaded at July 2024
Scientific editor: Parvin Salehi Shanjani
Seed Storage
The storage behavior of this species is orthodox (desiccation-tolerant seeds), dry to 15 to 20% eRH, and store at -20°C.
Germination requirements
The seeds of this species are not dormant. Sterilize seeds before placing them on wet germination paper. Place seeds for two weeks at 4 ºC to germinate uniformly. Then germinate under an alternating temperature regime of 15/20 ºC (the higher temperature for 16 hours in light and the lower one for eight hours in dark).
Morphology
Fruit type: Silicle or rarely Silique
Fruit shape: Elliptic to linear or oblong to lanceolate, straight or slightly curved, compressed, beaked
Fruit size: Length 5 to 22 mm, width 1.5 to 6 mm
Seed shape: Elliptic, radicular furrow distinct, wingless or rarely winged. Surface faint reticulate, dark brown
Seed size: Length 1.92 to 2.78 mm, width 1.15 to 1.51 mm in an accession from Abhar, Zanjan, with 1000 seeds weight 1 g, which was collected and identified in 2019 by Mohammad Mahmoodi and Yousef Ajani, and is stored in the Natural Resources Gene Bank of Iran with the accession number 47702.
Average 1000 seed weight: 0.36 to 1 g
Biological features
Life form: Perennial, subshrub, woody at the base, glabrous. Stems erect, height 7 to 35 cm
Inflorescence, flower type, and pollination mechanism: Inflorescence raceme, flowers actinomorphic, sepals ovate to elliptic, petals orbicular to obovate, unguiculate, white. Flowers hermaphrodite and cross-pollinating. Pollination is carried out by insects and wind.
Time of flowering: Early to mid-spring
Time of seed ripening: Late spring
Seed dispersal methods: Wind and seed weight
Geographical distribution: Iran, Central Asia, Afghanistan and Iraq. Typus from Mont. Alvand, Iran
Distribution in Iran: North, Northwest, West, Center and Northeast. Mostly in provinces Kurdistan, Isfahan, Yazd, Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad, Bakhtiari, Khuzestan, Kerman, Khorasan and Tehran
Taxonomy
Family: Brassicaceae
Genus: Graellsia
Species: G. saxifragifolia
Persian name: Sakhredary
References and Links
Assadi, M. Sajedi, S. Fakhr Ranjberi, H. Mirzadeh Vaghefi, S. Moazzeni, H. Khodashenas, M. Khosravi, A. R. Hatami, A. Mehrnia, M. Kaffash, Sh. Heidarnia, N. Sheidai, M. Heidari Rikan, M. Kavousi, K. Sonboli, A. Veiskarami, Gh. And Aminian, F. 2017. Flora of Iran, Brassicaceae, No.143. Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands Press, Tehran, Iran, 954 pp.
Black, M. and Bewley, J.D. 2000. Seed technology and its biological basis. Sheffield Academic Press, 419 pp.
Bojňanský, V. and Fargašová, A. 2007. Atlas of seeds and fruits of central and East-European flora: the Carpathian Mountains region. Springer, Dordrecht, The Netherlands, 1046 pp.
Ghahraman, A. Flore of Iran. Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands with University of Tehran Publication. https://floraofiran.net/index.php.
Mozaffarian, V.A. 1998. Dictionary of Iranian plants names. Farhange Moaser Publisher, Tehran, 671 pp.
Mozaffarian, V.A. 2012. A Pictorial dictionary of botany. Farhange Moaser Publisher, Tehran, 1088 pp.
Sharma, O.P. 2009. Plant taxonomy 2E. Tata McGraw-Hill Education, New Delhi, 563 pp.
