Author: navidcod 
Hordeum bulbosum L.
Hamideh Javadi, Parvin Salehi Shanjani, Behnam Hamzeh’ee and Seyed Esmael Seyedian
Natural Resources Gene Bank, Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Tehran, Iran.
Uploaded at June 2022
Scientific editor: Masoumeh Izadpanah
Seed Storage
Storage behavior of this species is orthodox (desiccation-tolerant seeds), dry to 15-20% eRH and store at -20°C.
Germination requirements
Seeds do not have physiological and physical dormancy and are easily able to germinate. Place seeds between-paper in 5-10 Cº for 5 days to germinate uniformly. Then germinate at constant temperature of 20 Cº and 8/16 hr. photoperiod.
Morphology
Fruit type: Caryopses
Fruit/seed size: Length 6.04 to 7.15 mm, width 1.85 to 1.96 mm in an accession with 1000 fruit/seeds weight 9.1 g., which was collected from Rudbar, Gilan in 2003 and the cultivated sample was identified by Behnam Hamzeh’ee with accession number 11755.
Average 1000 fruit/seed weight: 8.1 to 14.62 g.
Biological features
Life form: Perennial herb, plant with a bulbous swelling at the base of the culms which is covered with brown or scarious scales or old sheaths. Culms tufted, erect, glaucous, up to 60 cm tall, smooth and glabrous
Inflorescences, flower type and pollination mechanism: Spike dense, linear, up to 14 cm, long, 1 cm broad, greenish-yellow or purplish, spikelets in three, the two lateral pedicelled, the central sessile, glume slender, scarbid, lemmas of the lateral spikelets muticous, central with a slender arista, florets ovoid. Pollination is carried out by wind (anemophily).
Time of flowering: June to Juley
Time of seed ripening: June to Juley
Seed dispersal methods: Wind and livestock
Geographical distribution: Mediterranean region, Anatolia, Iraq, Talesh, Iran, Afghanistan, Turkmenistan, Russia, Southern Caucasus and Western Siberia. Typus from Eastern Italy
Distribution in Iran: North, North-West, West and Center. Mostly in Mazandaran, Gilan, West and East Azerbaijan, Ilam, Hamedan, Arak, Isfahan, Yazd, Kohkoloyeh ve Boyerahmad, Chahar Mahal va Bakhtiyari, Markazi, Kermanshah, Lorestan, Khozestan, Kerman, Fars, Boshehr and Tehran provinces.
Taxonomy
Family: Gramineae
Genus: Hordeum
Species: bulbosum
Common name: Bulbar barley
References and Links
Mozaffarian, V. 2006. A Dictionary of Iranian plant names. Latin-English-Persian. Farhang Moaser Publishers, 671 pp.
Mozaffarian, V. 2020. Identification of weeds plants. Shahre-ab publishers, 1001 pp.
Dinarvand, M. 2020. Flor of Khozestan. Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands publishers, 814 pp.
Ghahreman, A. 2017. Flora of Iran. Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands Publishers, No.2188 (18).
http://floranorthamerica.org/Hordeum
Rechinger, K.H. 1970. Flora Iranica. Akademische Druck- und Verlagsanstalt Graz Publishers, No.70, P. 240.
Javadi, H. 2021. Seed: Processing and Quality tests. Agricultural Education & Extension Publishers, 175 pp.
Vít Bojnanský and Agáta Fargašová, 2007. Atlas of Seeds and Fruits of Central and East-European flora. Published by Springer, P.O. Box 17, 3300 AA Dordrecht, The Netherlands. P. 887.
Townsend, C.C., Guest, E. and Al-Rawi, A. 1968. Flora of Iraq. Gramineae, vol. 9: 244 pp. Published by the Ministry of Agriculture of the Republic of Iraq.
