Author: navidcod 
Hordeum distichon L.
Hamideh Javadi, Parvin Salehi Shanjani, Behnam Hamzeh’ee and Seyed Esmael Seyedian
Natural Resources Gene Bank, Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Tehran, Iran.
Uploaded at June 2022
Scientific editor: Masoumeh Izadpanah
Seed Storage
Storage behavior of this species is orthodox (desiccation-tolerant seeds), dry to 15-20% eRH and store at -20°C.
Germination requirements
Seeds do not have physiological and physical dormancy and are easily able to germinate. Place seeds between-paper in 5-10 Cº for 5 days to germinate uniformly. Then germinate at constant temperature of 20 Cº and 8/16 hr. photoperiod.
Morphology
Fruit type: Caryopsis
Fruit/seed shape: Caryopsis connected with lemma
Fruit/seed size: length 8.47 to 9.69 mm, width 2.73 to 2.76 mm in an accession with 1000 fruit/seeds weight 45 g., which was collected by Mehrabi from Kohkuliyeh ve Boyerahmed in 2006 and the cultivated sample was identified by Behnam Hamzeh’ee with accession number 25219.
Average 1000 fruit/seed weight: 16 to 45 g.
Biological features
Life form: Annual herb, with solitary or fasciculate culms, up to 90 cm tall, very similar to Hordeum vulgare but differing in the structure of the spike.
Inflorescences, flower type and pollination mechanism: Spikelet triplet, central spikelet is hermaphrodite, the two lateral being neuter or masculine, awnless, awn of the fertile spikelet up to 12 cm. long, florets ellipsoid or spindle shaped. Pollination is carried out by wind (anemophily).
Time of flowering: April-May
Time of seed ripening: May-June
Seed dispersal methods: Wind and livestock
Geographical distribution: All over the world. Mostly in Iraq, Iran, Turkmenistan and Pakistan. Typus unknown
Distribution in Iran: North, West, South, East and Center. Mostly in Gorgan, Azerbaijan, Kordestan, Kermanshah, Fars, Khorasan, Tehran and Alborz provinces
Taxonomy
Family: Gramineae
Genus: Hordeum
Species: distichon
Common name: Barley
References and Links
Mozaffarian, V. 2006. A Dictionary of Iranian plant names. Latin-English-Persian. Farhang Moaser Publishers, 671 pp.
Rechinger, K.H. 1970. Flora Iranica. Akademische Druck- und Verlagsanstalt Graz Publishers, No.70. P. 242.
Javadi, H. 2021. Seed: Processing and Quality tests. Agricultural Education & Extension Publishers, 175 pp.
Vít Bojnanský and Agáta Fargašová, 2007. Atlas of Seeds and Fruits of Central and East-European flora. Published by Springer, P.O. Box 17, 3300 AA Dordrecht, The Netherlands. P. 887.
Townsend, C.C., Guest, E. and Al-Rawi, A. 1968. Flora of Iraq. Gramineae, vol. 9: 244 pp. Published by the Ministry of Agriculture of the Republic of Iraq.
