Author: آمنه غلامی 
Paronychia bungei Boiss.
Parvin Salehi Shanjani, Sara Nikkhah and Mohammad Amin Soltanipoor
Natural Resources Gene Bank, Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Tehran, Iran.
Uploaded at January 2026
Scientific editor: Masoumeh Izadpanah
Seed Storage
The storage behavior of this species is orthodox (desiccation-tolerant seeds), dry to 15-20% eRH, and store at -20°C.
Germination requirements
The seeds of this species are not dormant. Sterilize seeds before placing them on wet germination paper. Place seeds for two weeks at 4 ºC to germinate uniformly. Then germinate under an alternating temperature regime of 15/20 ºC (the higher temperature for 16 hours in light and the lower one for eight hours in dark).
Morphology
Fruit type: Achene
Fruit shape: Prolonged obovoid, slight compressed. Surface faint tuberculate, lustrous, glabrous, golden-brown
Fruit size: Length 7.09 to 8 mm, width 3.19 to 3.33 mm in an accession from Hajiabad, Hormozghan, with 1000 seed/fruit weight 0.08 g, which was collected and identified in 2019 by Mohammad Amin Soltanipoor, and is stored in the Natural Resources Gene Bank of Iran with an accession number of 47988.
Average 1000 seed/fruit weight: 0.08 g
Biological features
Life form: Herbaceous, perennial, woody at base, 3 to 9 cm height, pubescent. Stems procumbent
Inflorescence, flower type, and pollination mechanism: Inflorescence cymose, terminal; flowers 5-merous, sessiliflorous, concealed by the bracts; bracts 4 mm long, membranous, white; calyx polysepalous, sepals unequal; petals threadlike and delicate. Plant monoecious, dioecious. Pollination is by insects and wind.
Time of flowering: Spring to summer
Time of seed ripening: Summer
Seed dispersal methods: Seed weight
Geographical distribution: Endemic to Iran. Typus from Kerman
Distribution in Iran: South. Mostly in Province Yazd, Fars and Kerman
Taxonomy
Family: Caryophyllaceae
Genus: paronychia
Species: P. bungei
Persian name: Aghrabak-e kermani
References and Links
Asadi, M., Fadaei, F., Tawakli, Z., Heydari Rikan, M., Mostafavi, G., Mahdavi, M., Poursakhi, K. and Nejad Flatori, A. 2023. Flora of Iran. Charyophyllaceae. Institute of Forests and Rangelands Press, Tehran, Iran, Publication, No. 168, 987 pp.
Black, M. and Bewley, J.D. 2000. Seed technology and its biological basis. Sheffield Academic Press, 1-419 P.
Bojňanský, V. and Fargašová, A. 2007. Atlas of seeds and fruits of central and East-European flora: the Carpathian Mountains region. Springer, Dordrecht, The Netherlands, 1046 P.
Ghahraman, A. Flore of Iran. Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands with University of Tehran Publication. https://floraofiran.net/index.php.
Mozaffarian, V.A. 1998. Dictionary of Iranian plants names. Farhange Moaser Publisher, Tehran, 671 P.
Mozaffarian, V.A. 2012. A Pictorial dictionary of botany. Farhange Moaser Publisher, Tehran, 1088 P.
Sharma, O.P. 2009. Plant taxonomy 2E. Tata McGraw-Hill Education, New Delhi, 563 P.
