Author: آمنه غلامی 
Vicia monantha Retz.
Hamideh Javadi, Leila Falah Hoseini, Masoumeh Ramezani Yeganeh and Nastaran Jalilian
Natural Resources Gene Bank, Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Tehran, Iran.
Uploaded at September 2022
Scientific editor: Masoumeh Izadpanah and Parvin Salehi Shanjani
Seed Storage
The storage behavior of this species is orthodox (desiccation-tolerant seeds), dry to 15-20% eRH, and store at -20°C.
Germination requirements
The seeds of this species are not dormant. Sterilize seeds before placing them on wet germination paper. Place seeds for two weeks at 4 ºC to germinate uniformly. Then germinate under an alternating temperature regime of 15/20 ºC (the higher temperature for 16 hours in light and the lower one for eight hours in dark).
Morphology
Fruit type: Pod
Fruit shape: Rectangular with a short curved beak at the end, glabrous, with anastomosing veins, 5-6 seeded, yellow to light brown
Fruit size: Length 25 to 35 mm; width 7 to 9 mm
Seed shape: Round to spheric with a smooth surface
Seed size: length 4.01 to 4.32 mm, width 3.74 to 3.84 mm in an accession with 1000 seeds weight 33.2 g, which was collected by Golamiyan from Dashtestan, Bushehr, in 2014 and the cultivated sample was identified by Nastaran Jalilian with an accession number 46225
Average 1000 seed weight: 26 to 44 g
Biological Features
Life form: Annual herb, with white appressed and rarely scattered hairs
Inflorescence, flower type, and pollination mechanism: Inflorescence radical, 2-3 flowers, rarely 4 flowers. Flowers 12-15 rarely 18 mm long. Corolla blue or purple. Calyx campanulate and curved at the base, covered with white and appressed silky hairs. Flowers hermaphrodite and self-pollinating. Pollination is carried out by insects (entomophily).
Time of flowering: March to April
Time of seed ripening: May
Seed dispersal methods: Wind and domestic animals
Geographical distribution: Europe, Turkey, Iran, Caucasus, Afghanistan, Iraq, Syria, Jordan, Lebanon, Palestine, Saudi Arabia, and North Africa. Typus: Unknown
Distribution in Iran: North, North-West, North-East, West, Center, South and South-East. Mostly in Gorgan, Azerbaijan, Kermanshah, Yazd, Fars, Khuzestan, Sistan, and Khorasan provinces
Taxonomy
Family: Papilionaceae
Genus: Vicia
Species:V. monantha
Common name: One-flower vetch
Persian name: Mashak-e-Takgul
References and Links
Chrtková-Žertová, A., Maesen, L.J.G. Van. Der. and Rechinger, K.H. 1979. Papilonaceae I – Vicieae. In: Rechinger, K.H. (ed.), Flora Iranica, 140. Graz.
Ghahraman, A. 2017. Flora of Iran. Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands Publications. 12, 1497
Javadi, H. 2021. Seed: Processing and Quality tests. Agricultural Education & Extension Publishers, 175 pp.
Mozaffarian, V. 2006. A Dictionary of Iranian plant names. Latin-English-Persian. Farhang Moaser Publishers, 671 pp.
Mozaffarian, V. 2010. A pictorial dictionary of Botany (Botanical Taxonomy). Latin-English-French-German-Persian. Farhang Moaser Publishers, 1064 pp.
Pakravan, M., Jalilian, N. and Nemati, M. 2000. Flora of Iran. Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands Publication. No.33: Papilionaceae (Vicieae).p.54.
