Author: آمنه غلامی 
Dicyclophora persica Boiss.
Parvin Salehi Shanjani, Mohammad Reza Pahlavani and Ahmad Pourmirza
Natural Resources Gene Bank, Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Tehran, Iran.
Uploaded at July 2024
Scientific editor: Mohammad Dadmand
Seed Storage
The storage behavior of this species is orthodox (desiccation-tolerant seeds), dry to 15-20% eRH, and store at -20°C.
Germination requirements
The seeds of this species are dormant. Sterilize seeds before placing them on wet germination paper. Place seeds for two weeks to two month at 4 ºC to germinate uniformly. Then germinate under an alternating temperatures of 20 ºC (16 hours of light) and 15 ºC (8 hours of darkness).
Morphology
Fruit type: Schizocarp (schizocarp is an indehiscent dry fruit that consists of two not compressed or compressed lattraly/dorsally carpels called mericarp)
Fruit shape: Mericarps prolonged pyriform, homomorphic, not compressed, ventral side flat with central rib, with visible vittae, dorsal side convex, five-ribbed, apex with a remnant of the style. Surface valleculae, pubescent, dull, brown, ventral rib pale
Fruit size: Length 5.86 to 8.88 mm, width 1.55 to 2.21 mm in an accession from Baft, Kerman, with a 1000 seed/fruit weight of 10.18 g, which was collected and identified in 2015 by Ahmad Pourmirza, and is stored in the Natural Resources Gene Bank of Iran with the accession number 45508.
1000 seed/fruit weight: 6.25 to 19.8 g
Biological features
Life form: Annual, herbaceous. Stem erect, 15 to 75 cm high, pubescent
Inflorescence, flower type, and pollination mechanism: Inflorescence capitulate simple umbel, purple black, with long peduncle, with 5 to 19 rays, 3 to 20 mm in long, flowers white. Plant monoecious, cross-pollinated. Pollination is carried out by insects and wind.
Time of flowering: Late spring
Time of seed ripening: Late spring
Seed dispersal methods: Seed weight and animals
Geographical distribution: Endemic to Iran. Typus from South of Iran
Distribution in Iran: South. Mostly in provinces Fars, Kerman, Khuzestan, Bushehr and Hormozgan
Taxonomy
Family: Apiaceae
Genus: Dicyclophora
Species: D. persica
Persian name: Chatr-e Gorzi
References and Links
Black, M. and Bewley, J.D. 2000. Seed technology and its biological basis. Sheffield Academic Press, 419 pp.
Bojňanský, V. and Fargašová, A. 2007. Atlas of seeds and fruits of central and East-European flora: the Carpathian Mountains region. Springer, Dordrecht, The Netherlands, 1046 pp.
Ghahraman, A. Flore of Iran. Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands with University of Tehran Publication. https://floraofiran.net/index.php.
Mozaffarian, V.A. 1998. Dictionary of Iranian plants names. Farhange Moaser Publisher, Tehran, 671 pp.
Mozaffarian, V.A. 2012. A Pictorial dictionary of botany. Farhange Moaser Publisher, Tehran, 1088 pp.
Mozaffarian V. 2008. Flora of Iran, Umbelliferae. Institute of Forests and Rangelands Press, Tehran, Iran, Publication No. 54, 592 pp.
Sharma, O.P. 2009. Plant taxonomy 2E. Tata McGraw-Hill Education, New Delhi, 563 pp.
