Author: آمنه غلامی 
Alyssum hirsutum L.
Mohammad Ali Alizadeh, Masoumeh Ramezani Yeganeh, Mohammad Reza Pahlevani, Valiollah Mozaffarian and Saeedeh Mirzadeh Waqfi
Natural Resources Gene Bank, Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Tehran, Iran.
Uploaded at October 2023
Scientific editor: Masoumeh Izadpanah and Parvin Salehi Shanjani
Storage behavior: The storage behavior of this species is orthodox (desiccation-tolerant seeds), dry to 8-10 % eRH, and store at -18 °C.
Germination requirements
The seeds of this species have non-deep dormancy. Sterilize seeds before placing them on wet germination paper. Place seeds at 4 ºC for two weeks to germinate uniformly, then germinate under an alternating temperature regime of 15-20 ºC (the higher temperature for 16 hours of light and the lower one for eight hours of dark).
Morphology
Fruit Type: Silicule
Fruit shape: Orbicular, swollen, a little concave at the tip, with stellate and glandular hairs, 4-seeded
Fruit size: Diameter 4-6 mm
Seed shape: Ovate, surrounded with a thin membranous wing, light brown
Seed size: Length 1.5-2.5 mm, width1-1.5 mm in an accession from Taft, Yazd, with 1000 seed weight.1.4 g, which was collected in 2006 by Arabzadeh, and the cultivated sample was identified by Valiallaf Mozafarian and Saideh Sadat Mirzadeh Vaghefi with an accession number 23372.
Average 1000 seed weight: 0.5-2 g
Biological features
Life Form: Herbaceous, annual, erect, height 10-25 cm, densely ramified from the base
Flower type and pollination mechanism: Inflorescences raceme, flowers bisexual, sepals ovate, 1.5-2.2 mm long and 0.7-1.2 mm wide, petals heart shape, 1.2-4 mm long and 0.7-1 mm wide, color yellow. Plant monoecious, cross-pollinated. Pollination is carried out by both wind (anemophily) and insects (entomophily).
Time of flowering: Mid-April to mid-June
Time of seed ripening: Mid July
Seed dispersal methods: Natural agents (wind, insects, birds and animals)
Geographical distribution: Europe, Turkey, Iran and the Caucasus. Typus from the Caucasus
Distribution in Iran: North, Northwest, West, and South, in the provinces of Mazandaran, Gilan, Azerbaijan, Kurdistan, Kermanshah, Tehran, and Alborz
Taxonomy
Family: Brassicaceae
Genus: Alyssum
Species: A. hirsutum
Persian name: Qudomeh-e Korkdar
References
Assadi, M., Sajedi, S., Fakhr Ranjberi, H., Mirzadeh Vaghefi, S., Moazzeni, H., Khodashenas, M., Khosravi, A.R., Hatami, A., Mehrnia, M., Kaffash, S., Heidarnia, N., Sheidai, M., Heidari Rikan, M., Kavousi, K., Sonboli, A., Veiskarami G. and Aminian, F. 2017. Flora of Iran, No. 143: Brassicaceae. Research Institute for Forests and Rangelands Press Iran, Tehran, 956 P. (In Farsi)
Black, M. and Bewley, J.D. 2000. Seed technology and its biological basis. Sheffield Academic Press, 1-419 P.
Bojňanský, V. and Fargašová, A. 2007. Atlas of seeds and fruits of central and East-European flora: the Carpathian Mountains region. Springer, Dordrecht, The Netherlands, 1046 P.
Ghahraman, A. Flore of Iran. Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands with University of Tehran Publication. https://floraofiran.net/index.php.
Mozaffarian, V.A. 2012. A Pictorial dictionary of botany. Farhange Moaser Publisher, Tehran, 1088 P.
Mozaffarian, V.A. 1998. Dictionary of Iranian plants names. Farhange Moaser Publisher, Tehran, 671 P.
Sharma, O.P. 2009. Plant taxonomy 2E. Tata McGraw-Hill Education, New Delhi, 563 P.
