Author: آمنه غلامی 
Lomatopodium staurophyllum Rech. f.
Parvin Salehi Shanjani, Mohammad Reza Pahlavani, Kazem Taherian and Amene Gholami
Natural Resources Gene Bank, Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Tehran, Iran.
Uploaded at July 2024
Scientific editor: Mohammad Dadmand
Seed Storage
The storage behavior of this species is orthodox (desiccation-tolerant seeds), dry to 15-20% eRH, and store at -20°C.
Germination requirements
The seeds of this species are dormant. Sterilize seeds before placing them on wet germination paper. Place seeds for two weeks to two month at 4 ºC to germinate uniformly. Then germinate under an alternating temperatures of 20 ºC (16 hours of light) and 15 ºC (8 hours of darkness).
Morphology
Fruit type: Schizocarp (schizocarp is an indehiscent dry fruit that consists of two not compressed or compressed lattraly/dorsally carpels called mericarp)
Fruit shape: Mericarps elliptic to ovoid, homomorphic, not compressed, ventral side flat, with a central groove, with visible vittae, dorsal side convex, five-ribbed, side ribs with thick wings, apex with a remnant of the style. Surface valleculae, pubescent, dull, brown, ribs and wings pale
Fruit size: Length 4.08 to 5.27 mm, width 1.47 to 2.56 mm in an accession from Sorkheh, Semnan, with a 1000 seed/fruit weight of 3.3 g, which was collected and identified in 2018 by Kazem Taherian, and is stored in the Natural Resources Gene Bank of Iran with the accession number 48728.
1000 seed/fruit weight: 3.3 g
Biological features
Life form: Perennial, herbaceous, pubescent. Stems erect, 40 to 120 cm high
Inflorescence, flower type, and pollination mechanism: Inflorescence compound umbel, umbels with 2 to 4 rays, 15 to 60 mm long, flowers numerus in umbellule, without pedicle or with very short pedicles, flowers white. Plant monoecious, cross-pollinated. Pollination is carried out by insects and wind.
Time of flowering: Late spring to early summer
Time of seed ripening: Late spring to early summer
Seed dispersal methods: Wind and seed weight
Geographical distribution: Endemic to Iran. Typus from Robatsefis, Khorasan
Distribution in Iran: Center and Northeast. Mostly in provinces Semnan and Khorasan
Taxonomy
Family: Apiaceae
Genus: Lomatopodium
Species: L. staurophyllum
Persian name: Papahn
References and Links
Black, M. and Bewley, J.D. 2000. Seed technology and its biological basis. Sheffield Academic Press, 419 pp.
Bojňanský, V. and Fargašová, A. 2007. Atlas of seeds and fruits of central and East-European flora: the Carpathian Mountains region. Springer, Dordrecht, The Netherlands, 1046 pp.
Ghahraman, A. Flore of Iran. Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands with University of Tehran Publication. https://floraofiran.net/index.php.
Mozaffarian, V.A. 1998. Dictionary of Iranian plants names. Farhange Moaser Publisher, Tehran, 671 pp.
Mozaffarian, V.A. 2012. A Pictorial dictionary of botany. Farhange Moaser Publisher, Tehran, 1088 pp.
Mozaffarian V. 2008. Flora of Iran, Umbelliferae. Institute of Forests and Rangelands Press, Tehran, Iran, Publication No. 54, 592 pp.
Sharma, O.P. 2009. Plant taxonomy 2E. Tata McGraw-Hill Education, New Delhi, 563 pp.
