Author: آمنه غلامی 
Semenovia suffruticosa (Freyn & Bornm.) Manden.
Parvin Salehi Shanjani, Mohammad Reza Pahlavani and Ali Mirhosseini
Natural Resources Gene Bank, Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Tehran, Iran.
Uploaded at July 2024
Scientific editor: Mohammad Dadmand
Seed Storage
The storage behavior of this species is orthodox (desiccation-tolerant seeds), dry to 15-20% eRH, and store at -20°C.
Germination requirements
The seeds of this species are dormant. Sterilize seeds before placing them on wet germination paper. Place seeds for two weeks to two month at 4 ºC to germinate uniformly. Then germinate under an alternating temperatures of 20 ºC (16 hours of light) and 15 ºC (8 hours of darkness).
Morphology
Fruit type: Schizocarp (schizocarp is an indehiscent dry fruit that consists of two not compressed or compressed lattraly/dorsally carpels called mericarp)
Fruit shape: Mericarps ellipsoid, homomorphic, compressed dorsally, ventral side flat, with visible vittae, with a central rib, dorsal side with five filiform ribs, side ribs winged, apex with a remnant of the style. Surface pubescent, dull, brown, ribs and wings pale
Fruit size: Length 5.68 to 6.42 mm long and 2.87 to 3.97 mm wide in the seed sample of Teft, Yazd, with a 1000 seed/fruit weight of 6.16 g, which was collected and identified in 2015 by Ali Mirhosseini, and is stored in the Natural Resources Gene Bank of Iran with the accession number 47468.
1000 seed/fruit weight: 4 to 7 g
Biological features
Life form: Perennial, herbaceous, cousin-like. Stems erect, 15 to 75 cm high
Inflorescence, flower type, and pollination mechanism: Inflorescence compound umbel, umbels with 2 to 8 rays, umbellule with 12 to 15 flowers, flowers white to yellowish white. Plant monoecious, cross-pollinated. Pollination is carried out by insects and wind.
Time of flowering: Summer
Time of seed ripening: Summer
Seed dispersal methods: Wind and animals
Geographical distribution: Endemic to Iran. Typus from Kerman, Lalehzar Mountain and Nasr
Distribution in Iran: South East. Mostly in Mostly in Sistan and Baluchistan province
Taxonomy
Family: Apiaceae
Genus: Semenovia
Species: S. suffruticosa
Persian name: –
References and Links
Black, M. and Bewley, J.D. 2000. Seed technology and its biological basis. Sheffield Academic Press, 419 pp.
Bojňanský, V. and Fargašová, A. 2007. Atlas of seeds and fruits of central and East-European flora: the Carpathian Mountains region. Springer, Dordrecht, The Netherlands, 1046 pp.
Ghahraman, A. Flore of Iran. Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands with University of Tehran Publication. https://floraofiran.net/index.php.
Mozaffarian, V.A. 1998. Dictionary of Iranian plants names. Farhange Moaser Publisher, Tehran, 671 pp.
Mozaffarian, V.A. 2012. A Pictorial dictionary of botany. Farhange Moaser Publisher, Tehran, 1088 pp.
Mozaffarian V. 2008. Flora of Iran, Umbelliferae. Institute of Forests and Rangelands Press, Tehran, Iran, Publication No. 54, 592 pp.
Sharma, O.P. 2009. Plant taxonomy 2E. Tata McGraw-Hill Education, New Delhi, 563 pp.
