Author: آمنه غلامی 
Pimpinella dichotoma Boiss.et Hausskn
Parvin Salehi Shanjani, Mohammad Reza Pahlavani and Ali Mirhosseini
Natural Resources Gene Bank, Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Tehran, Iran.
Uploaded at July 2024
Scientific editor: Mohammad Dadmand
Seed Storage
The storage behavior of this species is orthodox (desiccation-tolerant seeds), dry to 15-20% eRH, and store at -20°C.
Germination requirements
The seeds of this species are dormant. Sterilize seeds before placing them on wet germination paper. Place seeds for two weeks to two month at 4 ºC to germinate uniformly. Then germinate under an alternating temperatures of 20 ºC (16 hours of light) and 15 ºC (8 hours of darkness).
Morphology
Fruit type: Schizocarp (schizocarp is an indehiscent dry fruit that consists of two not compressed or compressed lattraly/dorsally carpels called mericarp)
Fruit shape: Mericarps ellipsoid-ovoid, homomorphic, compressed laterally, ventral side flat, with visible vittae, with a groove in the middle, dorsal side convex, with five ribs, apex with stylopodium and a remnant of the style. Surface valleculae, pubescent, dull, brown
Fruit size: Length 2.39 to 3.85 mm, width 1.07 to 1.44 mm in the seed sample of Teft, Yazd, with a 1000 seed/fruit weight of 1.67 g, which was collected and identified in 2017 by Ali Mirhosseini, and is stored in the Natural Resources Gene Bank of Iran with the accession number 46833.
1000 seed/fruit weight: 1 to 2.5 g
Biological features
Life form: Perennial, herbaceous, pubescent. Stems erect, numerous, branching, without leaves
Inflorescence, flower type, and pollination mechanism: Inflorescence compound umbel, umbels numerous, with 2 to 5 rays, umbellule few-flowered, flowers white. Plant monoecious, cross-pollinated. Pollination is carried out by insects and wind.
Time of flowering: Late summer
Time of seed ripening: Late summer
Seed dispersal methods: Seed weight and animals
Geographical distribution: Endemic to Iran. Typus from Shahu Mountain, Iran
Distribution in Iran: West and center. Mostly in provinces Kermanshah, Isfahan, Tehran and Yazd
Taxonomy
Family: Apiaceae
Genus: Pimpinella
Species: P. dichotoma
Persian name: Jafarikoohi-e Isfahani
References and Links
Black, M. and Bewley, J.D. 2000. Seed technology and its biological basis. Sheffield Academic Press, 419 pp.
Bojňanský, V. and Fargašová, A. 2007. Atlas of seeds and fruits of central and East-European flora: the Carpathian Mountains region. Springer, Dordrecht, The Netherlands, 1046 pp.
Ghahraman, A. Flore of Iran. Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands with University of Tehran Publication. https://floraofiran.net/index.php.
Mozaffarian, V.A. 1998. Dictionary of Iranian plants names. Farhange Moaser Publisher, Tehran, 671 pp.
Mozaffarian, V.A. 2012. A Pictorial dictionary of botany. Farhange Moaser Publisher, Tehran, 1088 pp.
Mozaffarian V. 2008. Flora of Iran, Umbelliferae. Institute of Forests and Rangelands Press, Tehran, Iran, Publication No. 54, 592 pp.
Sharma, O.P. 2009. Plant taxonomy 2E. Tata McGraw-Hill Education, New Delhi, 563 pp.
