Author: navidcod 
Anthemis haussknechtii Boiss. &Reut.
Mohammad Ali Alizadeh, Parvin Salehi Shanjani and Leila Falah Hoseini
Natural Resources Gene Bank, Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Tehran, Iran.
Uploaded at April 2021
Scientific editors: Valiollah Mozaffarian and Masoumeh Izadpanah
Seed Storage
The storage behavior of this species is orthodox (desiccation-tolerant seeds); dry to 15-20% eRH and store at -20 °C.
Germination requirements
The seeds of this species have non-deep dormancy. Sterilize seeds before placing them on wet germination paper. Place seeds 14 days in 4ºC for breaking dormancy. Then germinate under an alternating temperature regime of 15/20 ºC (the higher temperature for 16 hours in light and the lower one for eight hours in dark).
Morphology
Fruit type: Achene
Fruit shape: Obpyramidal or slightly obconic, longitudinally furrowed, apex truncate crenate, narrowed toward the base. Surface glabrous, slightly lustrous, yellowish cream with brown dots.
Fruit size: Length: 1 to 2 mm, width: 0.5 to 1 mm in an accession from Gorgan, Golestan with 1000 seed weight 0.08 g, which was collected in 2003 by Dorri, and the cultivated sample was identified by S. Reza Safavi and Vlieollah Mozafarian with accession number 17886.
1000 seed weight: 0.3 g
Biological features
Life form: Herbaceous, annual
Inflorescences, flower type, and pollination mechanisms: Inflorescences capitate, with a conical receptacle. Ray flowers (15 to 20) female, often fertile, ligulate, ligule in base purple, 5 to 8 mm long; disc flowers hermaphrodite, tubular, 3 mm long, dark violet or yellow. Plant monoecious, cross-pollinate, in the failure of cross-pollination, self-pollination may take place. Pollination is carried out by insects and wind.
Time of flowering: Spring
Time of seed ripening: End of Jun
Seed dispersal methods: The agent of seed distribution is seed weight
Geographical distribution: Iran, Iraq, Syria. Typus from Halab, Syria.
Geographical distribution in Iran: North West, West, center, and West South. Azerbaijan, Kordestan, Ilam, Hamedan, Lorestan, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari, Fars, and Khuzestan.
Taxonomy
Family: Compositae
Genus: Anthemis
Species: haussknechtii
Persian name: Babunehe zagrosi
References
Black, M. and Bewley, J.D. 2000. Seed technology and its biological basis. Sheffield Academic Press, Pp 1-419.
Bojňanský, V. and Fargašová, A. 2007. Atlas of seeds and fruits of central and East-European flora: the Carpathian Mountains region. Springer, Dordrecht, the Netherlands, 1046 pp.
Ghahraman, A. Flore of Iran. Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands with the university of Tehran publication. https://floraofiran.net/index.php.
Mozaffarian, V. 2012. A Pictorial Dictionary of Botany. Farhang Moaser publisher, 1088 pp.
Mozaffarian, V. 2008. Flora of Iran, Asteraceae (Compositae): Tribes Anthemideae and Echinopeae. Institute of Forests and Rangelands Press, First edition, 59: 21-22.
Mozaffarian, V.A. 1998. Dictionary of Iranian Plants Names. Moaser Publisher, Tehran Farhang, 671 pp.
Sharma, O.P. 2009. Plant taxonomy 2E. Tata McGraw-Hill Education, New Delhi, 563 pp.
