Author: آمنه غلامی 
Vicia peregrina L.
Hamideh Javadi, Leila Falah Hoseini, Masoumeh Ramezani Yeganeh and Nastaran Jalilian
Natural Resources Gene Bank, Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Tehran, Iran.
Uploaded at September 2022
Scientific editor: Masoumeh Izadpanah and Parvin Salehi Shanjani
Seed Storage
The storage behavior of this species is orthodox (desiccation-tolerant seeds), dry to 15-20% eRH, and store at -20°C.
Germination requirements
The seeds of this species are not dormant. Sterilize seeds before placing them on wet germination paper. Place seeds for two weeks at 4 ºC to germinate uniformly. Then germinate under an alternating temperature regime of 15/20 ºC (the higher temperature for 16 hours in light and the lower one for eight hours in dark).
Morphology
Fruit type: Pod
Fruit shape: Rectangular, flat at the end, with a short beak at the base, covered with scattered appressed hairs, 4-6 seeded
Fruit size: Length 25 to 40 mm; width 6.5 to 8 mm
Seed shape: Spheric or ellipsoid with smooth surface, hilum ellipsoid-linear, 1 mm long, light brown or olive with light or dark spots
Seed size: length 4.49 to 5.42 mm, width 3.84 to 4.60 mm in an accession with 1000 seeds weight 49.4 g, which was collected from Delgan, Lorestan, in 2002 and the cultivated sample was identified by Nastaran Jalilian with an accession number 9517
Average 1000 seed weight: 38 to 52 g
Biological features
Life form: Annual, with dense appressed hairs or without hairs, erect or procumbent, 12-50 cm high
Inflorescence, flower type and pollination mechanism: Inflorescence axillary, with one flower at the leaf axials. Peduncle short. Flowers 11-15 mm long. Corolla purple. Calyx campanulate and a little gibbous at the base and covered with scattered hairs. Flowers hermaphrodite and self-pollinating. Pollination is carried out by insects (entomophily).
Time of flowering: June to July
Time of seed ripening: Jun to August
Seed dispersal methods: Wind and domestic animals
Geographical distribution: Europe, Turkey, Iran, Central Asia, Afghanistan, Pakistan, Iraq and North Africa. Typus from France
Distribution in Iran: North, North-West, North-East, West, Center, and South. Mostly in Gilan, Azerbaijan, Kurdistan, Hamedan, Kermanshah, Isfahan, Bakhtiyari, Hormozgan, Bushehr, and Tehran provinces
Taxonomy
Family: Papilionaceae
Genus: Vicia
Species: V. peregrina
Common name: foreigner vetch,
Persian name: Mashak-e-kharejy
References and Links
Chrtková-Žertová, A., Maesen, L.J.G. Van. Der. and Rechinger, K.H. 1979. Papilonaceae I – Vicieae. In: Rechinger, K.H. (ed.), Flora Iranica, 140. Graz.
Ghahraman, A. 2017. Flora of Iran. Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands Publications. 16, 1996.
Javadi, H. 2021. Seed: Processing and Quality tests. Agricultural Education & Extension Publishers, 175 pp.
Mozaffarian, V. 2006. A Dictionary of Iranian plant names. Latin-English-Persian. Farhang Moaser Publishers, 671 pp.
Mozaffarian, V. 2010. A pictorial dictionary of Botany (Botanical Taxonomy). Latin-English-French-German-Persian. Farhang Moaser Publishers, 1064 pp.
Pakravan, M., Jalilian, N. and Nemati, M. 2000. Flora of Iran. Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands Publications. No.33: Papilionaceae (Vicieae).p.91.
Vít Bojnanský, Agáta Fargašová, 2007. Atlas of Seeds and Fruits of Central and East-European flora. Published by Springer, P.O. Box 17, 3300 AA Dordrecht, The Netherlands.323 p.
