Author: آمنه غلامی 
Vicia sativa L.
Hamideh Javadi, Leila Falah Hoseini, Masoumeh Ramezani Yeganeh and Nastaran Jalilian
Natural Resources Gene Bank, Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Tehran, Iran.
Uploaded at September 2022
Scientific editor: Masoumeh Izadpanah and Parvin Salehi Shanjani
Seed Storage
The storage behavior of this species is orthodox (desiccation-tolerant seeds), dry to 15-20% eRH, and store at -20°C.
Germination requirements
The seeds of this species are not dormant. Sterilize seeds before placing them on wet germination paper. Place seeds for two weeks at 4 ºC to germinate uniformly. Then germinate under an alternating temperature regime of 15/20 ºC (the higher temperature for 16 hours in light and the lower one for eight hours in dark).
Morphology
Fruit type: Pod
Fruit shape: Without stalk, hilum linear, underground pods with 1-2 seeds and beaky, aerial pods elongated and linear, longer than underground pods, smooth with parallel lines or articulated, without or with short hairs, 5-9 rarely 12 seeded, yellow to light or dark brown
Fruit size: Length 10 to 15 mm; width 7 to 10 mm in underground pods, and length 40 to 60 mm; width 4 to 7 mm in aerial pods
Seed shape: Round or spheric, rectangular to lenticular, smooth and without hair, yellow to brown or olive green
Seed size: Length 2.92 to 3.19 mm, width 2.40 to 2.84 mm in an accession with 1000 seeds weight 33.8 g, which was collected from Zagheh, Lurestan, in 2001 and the cultivated sample was identified by Nastaran Jalilian with an accession number 6683
Average 1000 seed weight: 12 to 61.9 g
Biological features
Life form: Annual, with dense and appressed hairs or without hairs, erect or decumbent with thin and scattered hairs or without hairs, 25-50 cm high
Inflorescence, flower type and pollination mechanism: Inflorescence axillary, with 1-2 flowers. Peduncle short. Flowers 14-22 mm long. Corolla pink to purple or white and pink. Calyx tubular covered with scattered and appressed hairs. Flowers hermaphrodite and self-pollinating. Pollination is carried out by insects (entomophily).
Time of flowering: May to June
Time of seed ripening: Jun to August
Seed dispersal methods: Wind and domestic animals
Geographical distribution: Southern Europe, southern and western Asia, and northern Africa. Typus from Europe
Distribution in Iran: It is planted all over Iran and can be seen in fields as a weed.
Taxonomy
Family: Papilionaceae
Genus: Vicia
Species: V. sativa
Common name: common vetch
Persian name: Mashak
References and Links
Chrtková-Žertová, A., Maesen, L.J.G. Van. Der. and Rechinger, K.H. 1979. Papilonaceae I – Vicieae. In: Rechinger, K.H. (ed.), Flora Iranica, 140. Graz.
Ghahraman, A. 2017. Flora of Iran. Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands Publications. 27, 3374.
Javadi, H. 2021. Seed: Processing and Quality tests. Agricultural Education & Extension Publishers, 175 pp.
Mozaffarian, V. 2006. A Dictionary of Iranian plant names. Latin-English-Persian. Farhang Moaser Publishers, 671 pp.
Mozaffarian, V. 2010. A pictorial dictionary of Botany (Botanical Taxonomy). Latin-English-French-German-Persian. Farhang Moaser Publishers, 1064 pp.
