Author: آمنه غلامی 
Rorippa kurdica (Boiss. & Hausskn.) Hedge
Masoumeh Izadpanah, Amene Gholami and Hossein Marofi
Natural Resources Gene Bank, Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Tehran, Iran.
Uploaded at february 2026
Scientific editor: Parvin Salehi Shanjani
Seed Storage
The storage behavior of this species is orthodox (desiccation-tolerant seeds), dry to 15 to 20% eRH, and store at -20°C.
Germination requirements
The seeds of this species are not dormant. Sterilize seeds before placing them on wet germination paper. Place seeds for two weeks at 4 ºC to germinate uniformly. Then germinate under an alternating temperature regime of 15/20 ºC (the higher temperature for 16 hours in light and the lower one for eight hours in dark).
Morphology
Fruit type: Silique, dry dehiscent
Fruit shape: Linear, curved, pedicel thin, seeds in two row in each locule, glabrous
Fruit size: Length 10 to 11 mm; pedicel lenght 6-9 mm; Style lenght 1 mm
Seed shape: Ovate to subspherical, not compressed, apex rounded, hilum basic. Surfase tuberculate, globrous, reddish brown
Seed size: Length 0.52 to 0.57 mm, width 0.42 to 0.44 mm in an accession from Sanandaj, Kurdistan with 1000 seeds weight 0.07 g, which was collected and identified in 2018 by Hossein Marofi, and is stored in the Natural Resources Gene Bank of Iran with the accession number 47577
Average 1000 seed weight: 0.07 g
Biological features
Life form: Perennial, herbaceous, glabrous. Stem branched, not too firm, 62 to 70 cm long
Inflorescence, flower type, and pollination mechanism: Inflorescence raceme, elongated and long in fruiting phase; flowers hermaphrodite, regular; polysepalous, sepals rectangular, 2.5 to 3 mm long; polypetalous, petals spatulate or obovate, unguis short, tip rounded, 4 to 6 mm long, yellow. Plant monoecious, cross-pollinated. Pollination is carried out by insects and wind.
Time of flowering: May to June
Time of seed ripening: June to August
Seed dispersal methods: Seed weight
Geographical distribution: Endemic to Iran. Typus from near Sanandaj
Distribution in Iran: West and southwest. Mostly in province Kurdistan
Taxonomy
Family: Brassicaceae
Genus: Rorippa
Species: R. kurdica
Persian name: Tertizak-e zard-e kurdi
References and Links
Assadi, M. Sajedi, S. Fakhr Ranjberi, H. Mirzadeh Vaghefi, S. Moazzeni, H. Khodashenas, M. Khosravi, A. R. Hatami, A. Mehrnia, M. Kaffash, Sh. Heidarnia, N. Sheidai, M. Heidari Rikan, M. Kavousi, K. Sonboli, A. Veiskarami, Gh. And Aminian, F. 2017. Flora of Iran, Brassicaceae, No.143. Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands Press, Tehran, Iran, 954 pp.
Black, M. and Bewley, J.D. 2000. Seed technology and its biological basis. Sheffield Academic Press, 419 pp.
Bojňanský, V. and Fargašová, A. 2007. Atlas of seeds and fruits of central and East-European flora: The Carpathian Mountains region. Springer, Dordrecht, The Netherlands, 1046 pp.
Ghahraman, A. Flore of Iran. Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands with University of Tehran Publication. https://floraofiran.net/index.php.
Mozaffarian, V.A. 1998. Dictionary of Iranian plants names. Farhange Moaser Publisher, Tehran, 671 pp.
Mozaffarian, V.A. 2012. A Pictorial dictionary of botany. Farhange Moaser Publisher, Tehran, 1088 pp.
Sharma, O.P. 2009. Plant taxonomy 2E. Tata McGraw-Hill Education, New Delhi, 563 pp.
