Author: آمنه غلامی 
Aegilops tauschii Cosson
Parvin Salehi Shanjani, Leila Rasoulzadeh, Hamideh Javadi
and Mohammad Amini Rad
Natural Resources Gene Bank, Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Tehran, Iran.
Uploaded at September 2022
Scientific editor: Masoumeh Izadpanah
Seed Storage
Storage behavior of this species is orthodox (desiccation-tolerant seeds); dry to 15-20% eRH and store at -20°C.
Germination requirements
Seeds do not have physiological and physical dormancy and are easily able to germinate. Sterilize and Sterilize and germinate seeds under a constant temperature regime of 20 ºC and 16/8 hr. light/dark photoperiod.
Morphology
Fruit/seed type: Caryopsis, adhering to the lemmas and paleas.
Fruit/seed shape: Lanceolate to lanceolate-ovate, ventral side longitudinally furrowed, apex with short hairs, gradually narrowed towards the hilum, hilum oval. Surface longitudinally striate, slightly lustrous, straw-colored.
Fruit/seed size: Length 6.5 to 6.75 width 2.4 to 3 mm in an accession from Karaj, Alborz with 1000 seeds (caryopsis with lemmas and paleas) weight 50 g, which was collected in 2010 by Mahmoud Amirkhani, and the cultivated sample was identified by Mohammad Mohamad Aminirad with an accession number of 32090.
1000 fruit/seed (caryopsis with lemmas and paleas) weight: 35.5 to 53 g
Biological features
Life form: Annual, culms 20-45 cm, geniculate at the base, usually forming many tillers.
Inflorescences, flower type, and pollination mechanisms: Inflorescences terminal spikes, 5.5-8.2 cm long, 0.3-0.6 cm wide, narrowly cylindrical to slightly moniliform, with 6-13 spikelets; rudimentary spikelets absent; disarticulation in the rachises, the spikelets falling attached to the internodes above; spikelets 7-8 mm long, 3-4 mm wide, cylindrical, scabrous, with 2-5 florets, the distal 2 florets sterile; glumes 5-7 mm, coriaceous, scabrous, rims thickened, apices obtuse to truncate, minutely denticulate, unawned; lemmas 6-8 mm, mucronate or awned, awns usually solitary; lemmas of lower spikelets with shorter awns than those of the upper spikelets, the lower lemmas in a spikelet with shorter awns than those of the distal florets. Flower hermaphrodite, plant monoecious, cross-pollinated. Pollination is carried out by wind.
Time of flowering: May- Jun
Time of seed ripening: Late spring to early summer
Seed dispersal methods: By weight and livestock
Geographical distribution: Endemic to Middle East (Afghanistan, Iran, Iraq, Pakistan, Syria, Turkey) and Asia (Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russian Federation, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Ukraine)
Distribution in Iran: North and West, mostly in provinces of Tehran, Golestan, Semnan, and Kermanshah
Taxonomy
Family: Poaceae
Genus: Aegilops
Species: A. tauschii
Persian name: Gandomniaye ghafghazi
References and Links
Saufferer, S. M. 1993. Aegilops. In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee, eds. Flora of North America North of Mexico [Online]. New York and Oxford. Vol. 24. http://beta.floranorthamerica.org. Accessed 2021.
Terrell, E. and Peterson, P. 1993. Caryopsis Morphology and Classification in the Triticeae (Pooideae: Poaceae). Smithsonian Contributions to Botany. 83. 10.5479/si.0081024X.83.
Cabi, E. 2010. Taxonomic Revision of the Tribe Triticeae Dumortier (Poaceae) in Turkey.Ph.D. – Doctoral Program, Middle East Technical University.
Bojňanský, V. and Fargašová, A. 2007. Atlas of seeds and fruits of central and East-European flora: the Carpathian Mountains region. Springer, Dordrecht, The Netherlands, 1046 pp.
Ghahraman, A. Flore of Iran. Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands with University of Tehran Publication. https://floraofiran.net/index.php.
Mozaffarian, V. 2012. A Pictorial Dictionary of Botany. Farhang Moaser publisher, 1088 pp.
Mozaffarian, V.A. 1998. Dictionary of Iranian Plants Names. Moaser Publisher, Tehran Farhang, 671 pp.
Sharma, O.P. 2009. Plant taxonomy 2E. Tata McGraw-Hill Education, New Delhi, 563 pp.
